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UNESCO | Ethnologue | Endangered Languages |
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Tatarstan is a republic of the Russian Federation.
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id | symbol | latitude | longitude | description |
---|---|---|---|---|
The Property Boundaries |
Population | |
---|---|
Tatars | 2,012,571 |
Total population | 3,786,488 |
Historically, Tatars had a fairly strong education linked to religious institutions; in 1926, literacy rates among Tatars were about 48.2% in comparison to other Turkic groups living in the USSR – Azerbaijan SSR – 25.2%, Uzbek SSR – 10.6% 2)).
In 1926, USSR policy forced the Tatars to change from Arabic script, in use since 920 AD, to Latin script. The late 1930s saw a gradual shift toward Russification of the nation (a process of forced or voluntary assimilation into the Russian culture), including another script change to Cyrillic. This Russification, and state control over publications in Tatar, led to a reduction of programs/schools with Tatar-medium of instruction from 96% in 1930–1931 to 7% in the 1980s. Tatar language gradually fell into the group of minority languages definitely endangered.3)
A major shift occurred after the fall of the USSR: Tatarstan adopted a law on the State Languages of the Tatarstan Republic in 1992, and ratified the official status of Tatar on a par with the Russian language in the new Tatarstan Constitution. These policy changes brought about the growth of Tatar-medium schools, and introduced a compulsory Tatar language class for all students of grades 1–11 in Tatarstan.4)
Despite some positive changes, the ‘trend towards a decrease in Tatar language knowledge and use among ethnic Tatars’ remained 5). Several recent measures have not helped, such as federal educational policies, especially starting from 2001 onwards6), and implementation of the Unified State Examination (USE) or ‘Yediniy Gosudarstvenniy Ekzamen’ administered only in the Russian language, elimination of the ‘national-regional’ component in the school curriculum for teaching history and languages of ethnic minorities in Russia7).
Read more about Russia and the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages.
Read more about Russian federal legislation concerning minority languages.
Tatarstan's Law No 1560-XII, “On the State Languages of the Republic of Tatarstan and Other Languages in the Republic of Tatarstan” (1992) ratifies the official status of Tatar on par with the Russian language in the new Tatarstan Constitution. It states that:
The Federal Education law (2007) states that:
% of children learning Tatar | 1994 | 2006 |
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Children in tatarstan | 12% | 51% |
In pre-school education | 10.6% | 65% |
In secondary education | 100% |
source8)
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