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Table of Contents
Stellingwerf in The Netherlands
Language
Language designations:
- In the language itself: Stellingwarfs
- ISO 639-3 standard: stl
Language vitality according to:
UNESCO | Ethnologue | Endangered Languages | Glottolog |
---|---|---|---|
Unesco's vitality score | ![]() | - | ![]() |
Click here for a full overview of the language vitality colour codes.
Linguistic aspects:
- Script: Latin
Language standardisation
Just after the second world war, the Stellingwerf writer H.J. Bergveld made a standardized spelling for the Stellingwerf langauge/dialect.
In the 90s of last century, a writersgroup was established: “streektaalvereniging Stellingwarver Scrieversronte” (Regional association Stellingwerfs writersgroup)1).
In 1976, Bergvelds spelling was officially taken as Stellingwerfs spelling by the board of the “Stellingwarver Scrieversronte”.
Dictionary
The spelling was also taken into the “Stellingwarfs Woordeboek”(Stellingwerfs dictionary). The first of four parts of the dictionary was published in 1994, the other three were published in 1997, 2001 and 2004, respectively . In 2005, a shorter, manual dictionary has been published by Henk Bloemhof.2)
Development
With this standerdized spelling, the population of the Stellingwerfs region started to write and read more in the dialect3).
Demographics
Language Area
Stellingwerfs is spoken is the southern regions of the province Fryslân of the Netherlands as well as contected parts of the province of Drenthe and Overijsel. The Stellingwerfer municipalities in Fryslân are Weststellingwerf and Ooststellingwerf. In the other provinces there are the municipalities of Steenwijkerland and Westerveld that speak Stellingwerfs4).
The map shows the area, in red, where Stellingwerfs is spoken, with the dark blue lines showing the province borders. Wikipedia. 5).
Speaker numbers
The Stellingwerf dialect has around 27.300 speakers6).
Language count 2005 7)
Speaking/Reading | Weststellingwerf | Ooststellingwerf | Steenwijkerland |
---|---|---|---|
reasonable to very good speaking | 64,6% | 48,9% | 67,4% |
frequently speaking at home | 53,2% | 29,5% | 49,3% |
able to read | 77,2% | 66,7% | 77.9% |
reading reasonably often | 52,3% | 47,5% | 41,7% |
Table 1: Count of people in the Stellingwerf area on being able to use or using Stellingwerfs.
This table shows the proficiency scores of Stellingwerfs in three different municipalities. We see that Stellingwerfs is still very much spoken at home in Weststellingwerf and Steenwijkerland, this percentage is much lower in Oostellingwerf. The other notible percentages in this table are that of reading proficiency. This percentage is significantly high, even higher than the percentage of people that speak Stellingwerfs at home frequently.
Education of the language
History of language education:
In 1988 the Frisian region of the Stellingwerf area changed the manditory course of Frisian to a course about, and thought in the Stellingwerf dialect “heemkunde”, for primairy education.
From 2013 till 2016, a project was done on the culture education of Stellingwerfs called KEK!(Kultueredukaasje mei Kwaliteit/ Culture-education with quality). This project has led to another project: Veerkieker. This is a project that focusses on “heemkunde” for all primary schools in Oost- and Weststellingwef. From 2019, the project started to include the regional language as a focuspoint.
Legislation of language education
Please describe legislation concerning education of the language.
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Legislation on European level
The Netherlands has signed and retified the ECRML(European charter of regional and minority languages). So, Stellingwerfs seen as a dialect of the Lower-Saxon languages is signed under Part II of the ECRML, Article 7 8).
Although Lower-Saxon is signed under Part II of the Charter, the people speaking a Lower-Saxon language are not recognised as a minority.
Legislation on national level
The Dutch government has education laws in place that allow for a minority or regional language to be used as a medium of instruction for pre-school besides the use of Dutch9).
The Dutch government also has a law for the use and stipulation of the Frisian language in the province of Fryslân10). Because the municipalities of Oost- and Weststellingwerf is within the province of Fryslân, this Stellingwerf region is granted exemption for teaching the Frisian language, which is supstituted by teaching Stellingwerfs. This law makes that Stellingwerfs is tought in primary schools 11).
Legislation on local level
On a local level, the municipalities of Oost- and Weststellingwerf are, together with the province of Fryslân, responsible for the language and culture policies of Stellingwerfs. This includes language promotion, language transmission and culture transmission. The language policy that is used, is in line with the language policy for the Frisian language12).
In 1996, the Stellingwerfs dialect was acknowledged as a Nedersaksen variant13).
Support structure for education of the language:
Institutional support
The institution that focusses on the education of Stellingwerfs is the “Stichting Stellingwarver Schrieversronte” (Association Stellingwerf Writersgroup), established in 1972. They develop education materials for primary schools in the Stellingwerf area.
They also offer an online cursus on Instagram, with the use of a workbook where people can learn Stellingwerfs 14).
Financial support
The Stellingwerf language gets financial support from the municipalities and the province of Fryslân. They support and subsidise the Scrieversronte, that functions as the main organisation regarding Stellingwerfs15)
Language learning materials:
The learning materials for the primary school course “Heemkunde” are made by the Association for Stellingwerfs and they make materials for the online course on learning Stellingwerfs.
Education presence
preschool education
There are no known data on how much Stellingwerfs is used in preschool education, although institutions strive towards the use of Stellingwerfs in preschool education as well as the law that allows for Stellingwerfs to be used in a preschool setting16).
primary education
Stellingwerfs is taught inside primary schools in all grades 1 through 8. It is thaught as a course 'heemskunde' which teaches students about their language and culture as well as history and nature.
This education is given in the municipalities of Oost- and Weststellingwerf.
secondary education
Stellingwerfs is not being taught in secondary educattion.
higher education/university education
Stellingwerfs in not taught in higher education or on an universitair level.
adult education
There is an online Instagram cursus for learning Stellingwerfs. The workbook can be found on the page of the Stichting Stellingwarver Scrieversronte.
Online learning resources
Organisations
- Stichting Stellingwarver Scrieversronte, the orginasation for the Stellingwerf language and culture, with historical and folklore archive.