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--- languages:ulster_scots_in_the_uk [2023/06/15 12:38] – [pre-school education] ydwine
+++ languages:ulster_scots_in_the_uk [2023/06/15 13:20] (current) – [policies] ydwine
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 ===== History of language education =====
-Ulster-Scots has been, until recent times, a stigmatised variety, and children were discouraged to use it at school, including punishment for using the language((The Ulster-Scots Language Society (n.d.). About us. //The Ulster-Scots Language Society//. [[http://www.ulsterscotslanguage.com/en/about-us/]].))((Visser, M. (ed.) & Hagan, L., 27 Feb 2020, 1st ed. Leeuwarden/Ljouwert: Mercator European Research Centre on Multilingualism and Language Learning. 52 p. (Regional dossiers series)). It is in the [[https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-belfast-agreement|Belfast Agreement of 1998]] that a need to support linguistic diversity was first articulated:  "All participants recognise the importance of respect, understanding and tolerance in relation to linguistic diversity, including in Northern Ireland, the Irish language, Ulster-Scots and the languages of the various ethnic communities, all of which are part of the cultural wealth of the island of Ireland." The process of devolvement through the successive agreements and acts that ended up with the establishment of the Northern Ireland Assembly have enabled Northern Ireland to take, among many other things, autonomous decisions regarding education and language policy. \\
+Ulster-Scots has been, until recent times, a stigmatised variety, and children were discouraged to use it at school, including punishment for using the language((The Ulster-Scots Language Society (n.d.). About us. //The Ulster-Scots Language Society//. [[http://www.ulsterscotslanguage.com/en/about-us/]].))((Hagan, L. & Visser, M. (Ed.) (2020). //Ulster-Scots: The Ulster-Scots language in education in Northern Ireland.// (1st ed.) (Regional dossiers series). Mercator European Research Centre on Multilingualism and Language Learning. [[https://www.mercator-research.eu/fileadmin/mercator/documents/regional_dossiers/ulster_scots_in_northern_ireland.pdf]].)). It is in the [[https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-belfast-agreement|Belfast Agreement of 1998]] that a need to support linguistic diversity was first articulated:  "All participants recognise the importance of respect, understanding and tolerance in relation to linguistic diversity, including in Northern Ireland, the Irish language, Ulster-Scots and the languages of the various ethnic communities, all of which are part of the cultural wealth of the island of Ireland." The process of devolvement through the successive agreements and acts that ended up with the establishment of the Northern Ireland Assembly have enabled Northern Ireland to take, among many other things, autonomous decisions regarding education and language policy. \\
 In 2001, the UK government ratified the [[general_information:glossary_of_terms#European Charter for Regional and Minority languages|European Charter for Regional and Minority languages]], and recognised Ulster-Scots under Part II. This has provided Ulster-Scots with a certain degree of protection. The singing of the [[https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-st-andrews-agreement-october-2006|St. Andrews agreement of 2006]] (also known as the Northern Ireland Act of 2006), further confirmed this trend towards an expansion in the recognition and promotion of the language. In the agreement it is stated that "The Government firmly believes in the need to enhance and develop the Ulster Scots language, heritage and culture and will support the incoming Executive in taking this forward". In the same year, a website for schools was launched to help children learn the language((BBC NEWS, UK, Northern Ireland (2006, March 31). Ulster-Scots launch schools site. //BBC News//. [[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/4862990.stm]].))
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     * quality Ulster-Scots language, heritage and culture research findings which are disseminated widely and impact positively on the future of Ulster Scots.
-As a result of the implementation of this Strategy, positive results are expected in the area of education((Department of Culture, Arts and Leisure. (2016). Strategy to Enhance and Develop the ULSTER-SCOTS Language, Heritage and Culture 2015 – 2035 One year on. Belfast: Department of Culture, Arts and Leisure. Retrieved from https://www.communities-ni.gov.uk/sites/default/files/publications/dcal/The%20Ulster-Scots%20Strategy%20-%20one%20year%20on%20-%20March%202016_0.pdf)).
+However, the further development of the strategy has been delayed, as the Northern Ireland Executive collapesed in January 2017 and was absent until January 2020, due to disagreement on legislation for the Irish language ((Council of Europe. (2021). //Fifth Report submitted by the United Kingdom Pursuant to Article 25, paragraph 2 of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities//. [[https://rm.coe.int/5th-sr-uk-en/1680a46ed7.]] It was expected that by the end of 2021, a (final) Ulster-Scots Language, Heritage and Culture strategy would be published, but this is still in development ((Council of Europe. (2021) //European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages Evaluation by the Committee of Experts: Evaluation of the Implementation of the Recommendations for Immediate Action contained in the Committee of Experts’ fifth evaluation report on the United Kingdom and Isle of Man.// [[https://rm.coe.int/ukevaliria5-en/1680a287e0]].))((Department for Communities (n.d.) //Development of an Irish Language Strategy and an Ulster-Scots Language, Heritage and Culture Strategy//. [[https://www.communities-ni.gov.uk/articles/development-irish-language-strategy-and-ulster-scots-language-heritage-and-culture-strategy]].)). The Comittee of Experts of the ECRML recommended the authorities to "adopt a strategy to promote Ulster Scots in education and other areas of public life" in their fifth report (2021)((Council of Europe. (2021) //European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages Evaluation by the Committee of Experts: Evaluation of the Implementation of the Recommendations for Immediate Action contained in the Committee of Experts’ fifth evaluation report on the United Kingdom and Isle of Man.// [[https://rm.coe.int/ukevaliria5-en/1680a287e0]].)).
-It was expected that by the end of 2021, another Ulster-Scots Language, Heritage and Culture strategy would be published, but this is still in development ((Council of Europe. (2021) //European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages Evaluation by the Committee of Experts: Evaluation of the Implementation of the Recommendations for Immediate Action contained in the Committee of Experts’ fifth evaluation report on the United Kingdom and Isle of Man.// [[https://rm.coe.int/ukevaliria5-en/1680a287e0]].))((Department for Communities (n.d.) //Development of an Irish Language Strategy and an Ulster-Scots Language, Heritage and Culture Strategy//. [[https://www.communities-ni.gov.uk/articles/development-irish-language-strategy-and-ulster-scots-language-heritage-and-culture-strategy]].)). The Comittee of Experts of the ECRML recommended the authorities to "adopt a strategy to promote Ulster Scots in education and other areas of public life" in their fifth report (2021)((Council of Europe. (2021) //European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages Evaluation by the Committee of Experts: Evaluation of the Implementation of the Recommendations for Immediate Action contained in the Committee of Experts’ fifth evaluation report on the United Kingdom and Isle of Man.// [[https://rm.coe.int/ukevaliria5-en/1680a287e0]].)).
 ===Department of Education language policy===
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 In 2017, the Ulster-Scots Agency launched the [[http://www.ulsterscotsagency.com/news/article/264/ulster-scots-agency-launches-new-ingenious-ulster-science-roadshow/ |Ingenious Ulster Science Roadshow]], which "encourages pupils to engage with science by learning about famous Ulster-Scots scientists and inventors"((Agency Launches Ingenious Ulster Science Roadshow. (n.d.). Retrieved May 28, 2017, from http://www.ulsterscotsagency.com/news/article/264/ulster-scots-agency-launches-new-ingenious-ulster-science-roadshow/)). Fifty-six schools are involved in the project((Ulster-Scots Agency (2017, May 23). //Agency Launches Ingenious Ulster Science Roadshow.// [[http://www.ulsterscotsagency.com/news/article/264/ulster-scots-agency-launches-new-ingenious-ulster-science-roadshow/]])). The objective behind this project is to show the role that Ulster-Scots can play in a wide range of subjects((Agency Launches Ingenious Ulster Science Roadshow. (n.d.). Retrieved May 28, 2017, from http://www.ulsterscotsagency.com/news/article/264/ulster-scots-agency-launches-new-ingenious-ulster-science-roadshow/)).
-The Ulster-SCots Agency recognises schools "that have developed sustainable, whole-school programmes about Ulster-Scots culture and heritage" with the //Ulster-Scots School of Excellence// status ((Ulster-SCots Agency. (n.d.) //Ulster-Scots School of Excellence//. [[https://discoverulsterscots.com/learning/education/ulster-scots-school-excellence]].))
+The Ulster-SCots Agency recognises schools "that have developed sustainable, whole-school programmes about Ulster-Scots culture and heritage" with the //Ulster-Scots School of Excellence// status ((Ulster-Scots Agency. (n.d.) //Ulster-Scots School of Excellence//. [[https://discoverulsterscots.com/learning/education/ulster-scots-school-excellence]].))
 === Council for the Curriculum, Examinations and Assessment (CCEA) ===
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 In 2013, the Ulster University received funding from the Department of Culture, Arts and Leisure on the advice of the MAGUS to create the Ulster-Scots Education project ((Ulster University. (n.d.). //Ulster-Scots Education Project//[[https://www.ulster.ac.uk/research/topic/english/ulster-scots/projects/ulster-scots-education-project]].)).
+==== Teacher Training ====
+Ulster-Scots is not included in primary and in-service teacher training, though at secondary teacher training, students are allowed to incorporate Ulster-Scots work ((Hagan, L. & Visser, M. (Ed.) (2020). //Ulster-Scots: The Ulster-Scots language in education in Northern Ireland.// (1st ed.) (Regional dossiers series). Mercator European Research Centre on Multilingualism and Language Learning. [[https://www.mercator-research.eu/fileadmin/mercator/documents/regional_dossiers/ulster_scots_in_northern_ireland.pdf]].)).
+==== Learning materials ====
+Learning materials for Ulster-Scots in primary education have been developed by the Ulster Scots Agency in collaboration with the Council for the Curriculum, Examinations and Assessment (CCEA): //Ulster-Scots for Primary School: Shared Language, Culture and Heritage//.  This is a program intended to revitalise the language, with the medium of instruction being English and the material available is for primary school (ages 6 to 11)((Council for the Curriculum Examinations and Assessment. (2016, May 10). Ulster-Scots for Primary Schools: Shared Language, Culture & Heritage [Text]. Retrieved May 25, 2017, from http://ccea.org.uk/curriculum/key_stage_1_2/connected_learning/ulster_scots)).
 ===== Education in practice =====
 ====pre-school education====
-The Curricular Guidance for Pre-School Education states that children for whom English is an additional language and those who are being taught through the medium of Irish should be supported, but Ulster-Scots is not explicitly mentioned ((Council for the Curriculum Examinations and Assessment (2018). //Curricular Guidance for Pre-School Education//. [[https://www.education-ni.gov.uk/sites/default/files/publications/education/PreSchool_Guidance_30May18_Web.pdf]].)).
+The Curricular Guidance for Pre-School Education states that children for whom English is an additional language and those who are being taught through the medium of Irish should be supported, but Ulster-Scots is not explicitly mentioned ((Council for the Curriculum Examinations and Assessment (2018). //Curricular Guidance for Pre-School Education//. [[https://www.education-ni.gov.uk/sites/default/files/publications/education/PreSchool_Guidance_30May18_Web.pdf]].)) There are a few [[languages:ulster_scots_in_the_uk#teaching materials|learning materials]] for pre-school education, but no statistics on the use of Ulster-Scots in pre-school education are available ((Hagan, L. & Visser, M. (Ed.) (2020). //Ulster-Scots: The Ulster-Scots language in education in Northern Ireland.// (1st ed.) (Regional dossiers series). Mercator European Research Centre on Multilingualism and Language Learning. [[https://www.mercator-research.eu/fileadmin/mercator/documents/regional_dossiers/ulster_scots_in_northern_ireland.pdf]].)).
 ====primary school education ====
-Ulster-Scots can be taught as a subject in primary school education. The Council for the Curriculum, Examinations and Assessment allows schools to opt for providing Ulster-Scots as a subject for the whole school, or just one key stage or year group ((CCEA. (2016, May 10). Ulster-Scots for Primary Schools: Shared Language, Culture & Heritage [Text]. Retrieved May 25, 2017, from http://ccea.org.uk/curriculum/key_stage_1_2/connected_learning/ulster_scots)). Ulster-Scots language medium education is, so far, not available.
+Ulster-Scots is not taught as a subject or used as a medium of instruction, but some schools do teach it in workshops or projects ((Hagan, L. & Visser, M. (Ed.) (2020). //Ulster-Scots: The Ulster-Scots language in education in Northern Ireland.// (1st ed.) (Regional dossiers series). Mercator European Research Centre on Multilingualism and Language Learning. [[https://www.mercator-research.eu/fileadmin/mercator/documents/regional_dossiers/ulster_scots_in_northern_ireland.pdf]].)).
 ====secondary school education ====
+Ulster-Scots is not taught as a subject or used as a medium of instruction, but some schools do teach it in workshops or projects ((Hagan, L. & Visser, M. (Ed.) (2020). //Ulster-Scots: The Ulster-Scots language in education in Northern Ireland.// (1st ed.) (Regional dossiers series). Mercator European Research Centre on Multilingualism and Language Learning. [[https://www.mercator-research.eu/fileadmin/mercator/documents/regional_dossiers/ulster_scots_in_northern_ireland.pdf]].)).
 ====higher education ====
-==== Learning materials ====
-Learning materials for Ulster-Scots in primary education have been developed by the Council for the Curriculum, Examinations and Assessment (CCEA) in collaboration with the Ulster Scots Agency: //Ulster-Scots for Primary School: Shared Language, Culture and Heritage//.  This is a program intended to revitalize the language, with the medium of instruction being English and the material available is for primary school (ages 6 to 11)((CCEA. (2016, May 10). Ulster-Scots for Primary Schools: Shared Language, Culture & Heritage [Text]. Retrieved May 25, 2017, from http://ccea.org.uk/curriculum/key_stage_1_2/connected_learning/ulster_scots)).
+Ulster-Scots is not offered as undergraduate programme, though may be included in some projects, such as the [[languages:ulster_scots_in_the_uk#teaching materials|Education project]] or [[languages:ulster_scots_in_the_uk#teaching materials|Poetry project]] of the Ulster University organised in 2013 ((Hagan, L. & Visser, M. (Ed.) (2020). //Ulster-Scots: The Ulster-Scots language in education in Northern Ireland.// (1st ed.) (Regional dossiers series). Mercator European Research Centre on Multilingualism and Language Learning. [[https://www.mercator-research.eu/fileadmin/mercator/documents/regional_dossiers/ulster_scots_in_northern_ireland.pdf]].)).
+The Ulster University hosts //The centre for Ulster-Scots research in Irish and Scottish studies//, which also aims to develop further teaching and new project at undergraduate and postgraduate level ((Ulster University. (n.d.). //About our Ulster Scots Research//. [[https://www.ulster.ac.uk/research/topic/english/ulster-scots/about]].)).
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   * [[https://ccea.org.uk/|The Council for the Curriculum, Examinations and Assessment (CCEA)]]
   * [[http://www.ulster-scots.com/index.aspx|The Ulster-Scots Community Network]]
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