languages:saterfrisian_in_germany
Differences
This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.
Both sides previous revisionPrevious revisionNext revision | Previous revision | ||
languages:saterfrisian_in_germany [2021/05/19 16:49] – [Tertiary education] ydwine | languages:saterfrisian_in_germany [2023/06/26 15:58] (current) – [Secondary education] ydwine | ||
---|---|---|---|
Line 3: | Line 3: | ||
==== Language designations: | ==== Language designations: | ||
- | * In the language itself: Saterfriesisch, | + | * In the language itself: Saterfriesisch |
- | * [[general_information: | + | * [[general_information: |
==== Language vitality according to: ==== | ==== Language vitality according to: ==== | ||
- | ^ [[http:// | + | ^ [[http:// |
- | | {{: | + | | {{: |
==== Linguistic aspects: ===== | ==== Linguistic aspects: ===== | ||
- | * Classification: | + | * Classification: |
* Script: Latin | * Script: Latin | ||
- | ==== Language | + | ==== Language |
- | + | ||
- | The American linguist Marron Fort collected words while doing linguistic research over a span of 20 years in Saterland.((Fort, | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
+ | Two linguists stand out in the language standardisation of Sater Frisian, namely, Pyt Kramer and Marron Fort. West-Frisian Pyt Kramer has developed the //Seelter Woudebouk// (Sater Frisian dicionary) from Sater Frisian to both West Frisian and German, published in 1961, and the //Näi Seelter Woudebouk, A-E// (New Sater Frisian Dictionary, A-E) in 1992. Moreover, he has written the //Kute Seelter Sproakleere// | ||
+ | In the period of 2021-2023, [[[[languages: | ||
===== Demographics ===== | ===== Demographics ===== | ||
Line 26: | Line 22: | ||
==== Language Area ==== | ==== Language Area ==== | ||
- | Saterfrisian | + | Sater Frisian |
+ | {{: | ||
+ | < | ||
- | {{https://www.mercator-research.eu/wiki/_media/languages: | + | Saterland lay quite isolated, as it was surrounded by boggy moorland, and could only be reached via boat or in a dry spell up unto the start of the 19th century.((Peters, |
- | < | + | Sater Frisian is one of the three Frisian languages alongside West Frisian and North Frisian. Sater Frisian |
+ | {{: | ||
+ | <sub> The map shows the areas where West Frisian (dark blue), East Frisian (light blue) and North Frisian (blue) are spoken ((ArnoldPlaton. (2013) //Frisian languages in Europe.svg// | ||
- | \\ Sater Frisian is one of the three Frisian languages alongside West Frisian and North Frisian. Sater Frisian is the only variety of East Frisian alive today. ((Heeringa, W. et. al (2015), // | ||
- | {{ : | ||
- | <sub> Map showing West-Frisian (purple), East Frisian (light blue) and North Frisian (dark blue) ((ArnoldPlaton. (2013) //Frisian languages in Europe.svg// | ||
+ | ==== Speaker numbers ==== | ||
+ | Estimates of speaker numbers vary between a 1000 and 2000, with some as high as 5000 (worldwide).((Moseley, | ||
+ | Sater Frisian has lost ground as a family language in favour of Low German of High German, and often, High German was spoken to counter presumed disadvantages at school to have Sater Frisian as first language. Nowadays, a decline in knowledge can be seen with the younger speakers.((Peters, | ||
- | ==== Speaker numbers ==== | ||
- | |||
- | Estimates of speaker numbers vary between a 1000 and 5000.((Moseley, | ||
---- | ---- | ||
Line 51: | Line 48: | ||
===== History of language education: ===== | ===== History of language education: ===== | ||
- | The Saterland is known as the smallest "language | + | In 1800 already, the use of Sater Frisian in education was advocated for (instead of High German) by Johann Hoche, |
- | In 1996 it was reported that Sater Frisian was neither the language used for administration nor in church. Only two hours a week were offered for teaching | + | |
+ | In 1994, the Seelter Buund initiated the project | ||
+ | |||
+ | Sater Frisian was not present at all in primary schools in 1988, although people would have supported it. ((Martinen, Hark et. al, (1988) //The North Frisian Language in Primary Education in North Frisia, Federal Republic of Germany: Die Nordfriesische Sprache im Unterricht Der Grundschulen in Nordfriesland// | ||
+ | |||
+ | In pre-schools, | ||
- | Dr Marron Fort is one of the researchers who is helping to maintain Sater Frisian significantly. He came to Germany in 1965 and fell in love with the language. He decided to stay in Germany and has since helped considerably in reviving Sater Frisian. Moreover, he has translated the New Testament into Sater Frisian and created the Sater Frisian Dictionary. This laid the foundation for more Sater Frisian literature. ((Dein Niedersachsen (2017) // | ||
- | The presence of Sater Frisian in the school system is not very widespread and the varies per school. In 2010 the Saterland introduced the model project "Das Saterland als Modellregion für frühe Mehrsprachigkeit" | ||
- | In 2020 and 2021, the classes in Sater Frisian came to a (temporary) halt due to the COVID-19 pandemic. ((Fertig, A. (2021, February 20). Corona_laehmt_Unterricht. //General Anzeiger//. [[https:// | ||
===== Legislation of language education ===== | ===== Legislation of language education ===== | ||
Line 65: | Line 64: | ||
=== European Charter for Regional or Minority languages === | === European Charter for Regional or Minority languages === | ||
+ | \\ | ||
+ | Sater Frisian is covered by the [[general_information: | ||
+ | * 1.aiv: favour/ | ||
+ | * 1.eii: provide facilities for the study at tertiary level; | ||
+ | * 1.fiii: favour/ | ||
+ | * 1.g: ensure the teaching of the history and the culture; | ||
+ | * 1.i: set up a supervisory body | ||
- | Sater Frisian is covered by the [[general_information:glossary_of_terms# | + | In the 2022 report, the Committee of Experts considered a few undertakings had deteriorated, |
- | It encourages | + | === Framework Convention for the Protection |
+ | \\ | ||
+ | Germany has [[general_information: | ||
+ | the national minorities of the Danes, of the Sorbian people | ||
- | In the report from 2014 several important aspects were mentioned: | + | In the 2022 opinion, the Advisory Committee of the Framework Convention encouraged " |
- | + | care centres, schools | |
- | * Sater Frisian should be implemented in pre-school education, however, in which manner is to be decided by local authorities | + | |
- | * in comparison to the 4th report, | + | |
- | * a course in Sater Frisian has been offered in higher education at the University of Oldenburg since 2009 | + | |
- | * in 2011, a teaching program for Low German | + | |
- | * there is a need for a policy which encourages more schools to teach Sater Frisian((Council of Europe | + | |
- | + | ||
- | === Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Germany has [[general_information: | + | |
- | the national minorities of the Danes, of the Sorbian people and of the German Sinti and Roma, and the ethnic group of Frisians in Germany. | + | |
====Legislation on national level === | ====Legislation on national level === | ||
- | In Germany, four national minorities are recognized: the Frisians, the Danes, the German Sinti and Roma, and the Sorbs. Among the Frisians are the North Frisian and East Frisians (among them, Sater Frisians). ((Bundesministerium des Innern für Bau und Heimat (2020). //Nationale Minderheiten Minderheitensprachen und die Regionalsprache Niederdeutsch in Deutschland// | + | In Germany, four national minorities are recognised: the Frisians, the Danes, the German Sinti and Roma, and the Sorbs. Among the Frisians are the North Frisian and East Frisians (among them, Sater Frisians). ((Bundesministerium des Innern für Bau und Heimat (2020). //Nationale Minderheiten Minderheitensprachen und die Regionalsprache Niederdeutsch in Deutschland// |
- | The German school system is governed by the federal principles of the state, and each state is responsible for its educational system. | + | The German school system is governed by the federal principles of the state, and each state is responsible for its educational system. |
==== Legislation on Local Level==== | ==== Legislation on Local Level==== | ||
Line 94: | Line 93: | ||
=== Lower Saxony School Act === | === Lower Saxony School Act === | ||
- | In 1998, Lower Saxony adopted the //Lower Saxony School Act// (Niedersächsisches Schulgesetz ) There, it is stated that pupils should be able to develop their possibilities to understand, perceive and express, including the relevant regional form of Low German or Frisian.((Niedersächsisches Schulgesetz, | + | In 1998, Lower Saxony adopted the //[[http://www.nds-voris.de/ |
=== The Region and its Languages in Education === | === The Region and its Languages in Education === | ||
- | In 2011, Lower Saxony adopted the //The Region and its Languages in Education// (Die Region | + | In 2011, Lower Saxony adopted the //[[https://www.mk.niedersachsen.de/ |
+ | |||
+ | In 2021, the //Seelter Buund// (Eng: Sater Association) expressed to the Comittee of Experts (ECRML) that this decree should be renewed, with a focus on hours of instruction and pupil numbers.((Evers, | ||
===The Region and the Languages Low German and Sater Frisian in Education=== | ===The Region and the Languages Low German and Sater Frisian in Education=== | ||
- | In 2019, Lower Saxony adopted the // | + | In 2019, Lower Saxony adopted the // |
+ | |||
+ | In 2021, the //Seelter Buund// expressed to the Comittee of Experts (ECRML) that the consent of legal guardians (both stated in //Die Region | ||
- | For students to enroll classes in Sater Frisian, permission is needed from their legal guardian. The Lower Saxony State School Authority supports the schools with advice.((Die Region und die Sprachen Niederdeutsch und Saterfriesisch im Unterricht, SVBl. 2019 Nr. 6, S. 288 (2019). [[http:// | ||
===== Institutional support for education of the language: ===== | ===== Institutional support for education of the language: ===== | ||
- | Before the teacher training started to be financially supported in 2010, the Saterland Association called "Seelter Buund" tried to incorporate Sater Frisian in (pre-)primary schools. This was mostly done by voluntary workers. They have been offering courses for adults as well. | + | ===Institutional support=== |
- | Since 2010 the focus was shifted to developing teaching materials and training teachers. Furthermore, | + | The [[languages: |
- | ---- | + | The [[languages: |
+ | |||
+ | The Federal Ministry of the Interior has established the // | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ===Projects=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | In 2010, a project //Seeltersk an do Skoulen in Seelterlound// | ||
+ | |||
+ | In the period 2010/2012 to 2019, the model project // | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Language Learning materials === | ||
+ | |||
+ | In 2015 and 2016, the learning materials //Die Seelterfoaks – dät Bouk // (Eng: The Sater Frisian fox -the book; 2015) and //Seeltersk säikedät Säärm-moak-Bouk// | ||
+ | |||
+ | In 2019/2020, a CD was produced, //Sjung mäd uus// (Sing with us), with Sater Frisian children' | ||
+ | |||
+ | In June 2022, the learning method // | ||
+ | |||
+ | To use learning materials at schools, they have to be approved by the // | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Teacher support === | ||
+ | |||
+ | Since 2009, students in teacher training at the University of Oldenburg can take courses on Sater Frisian, as part of the Low-German specialisation. ((Council of Europe (2014). //European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages: Application of the Charter in Germany, 5th Monitoring Cycle//. [[https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | Connected to the project [[languages: | ||
+ | For Sater Frisian, ECRML Article 8.1h, that is 'to provide the basic and further training of the teachers [...]' has not been ratified. Nonetheless, | ||
+ | ===Financial support=== | ||
+ | The Seelter Buund receives around €2000 per year from the municipality of Saterland. The Seelter Buund is also responsible for the compensations for the people teaching Sater Frisian at pre-primary schools (the Seelter Buund can declare these costs at the municipalty since 2021). ((Seelter Buund (n.d.) //Über den Seelter Buund// [About the Seelter Buund]. [[https:// | ||
+ | The Lower Saxony Ministry for Science and Culture provides funding for [[languages: | ||
Line 122: | Line 154: | ||
==== Pre-school education ==== | ==== Pre-school education ==== | ||
- | Since 1995, the //Seelter Buund// has started a project to include Sater Frisian in nursery schools. | + | Since 1994, the Seelter Buund has started a project |
- | * St. Jakobus-Bäidenstuun in // | + | |
- | * Pusteblume | + | There are several |
+ | | ||
+ | * Unterm Regenbogen in // | ||
+ | * St. Jakobus-Bäidenstuun in // | ||
+ | | ||
* St. Georg in // | * St. Georg in // | ||
- | * Unterm Regenbogen in // | ||
- | * St. Marien in // | ||
- | Each group has around thirty children attending, and in 2011, there were 140 children who had Sater Frisian | + | The new (2021) kindergarten // |
+ | |||
+ | In the 2022 report, the Committee of Experts considered pre-school education in Sater Frisian "not sufficient to represent at least a substantial part of | ||
+ | education in this language" | ||
==== Primary education ==== | ==== Primary education ==== | ||
- | Since 1996, Sater Frisian is included in all primary schools of the municipaltiy. Children | + | Since 1996, Sater Frisian is included |
- | * Gruundskoule in //Roomelse//, Ramsloh | + | |
- | * Litje Skoule in // | + | The primary schools that offer Sater Frisian are((Evers, J., & Schramm, K-P. (2021). //Comments by the Seelter Buund (Sater Frisians) on the Seventh Report of the Federal Republic of Germany on the Implementation of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages.// |
- | * Marien-Skoule | + | * [[http:// |
- | * Astrid-Líndgren-Skoule | + | * [[https:// |
+ | * [[http:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | [[https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | === activity groups=== | ||
+ | On a voluntary basis (legal permission of the pupil' | ||
+ | |||
+ | === immersion lessons === | ||
+ | On a voluntary basis (legal permission of the pupil' | ||
- | Schools can decide themselves which subjects they want to teach in Sater Frisian. The // | ||
- | Sater Frisian is also used in school projects, theatre productions or other kinds of public school events.((Niedersächsisches Kultusministerium (2014), // | ||
- | In 2010, a project //Seeltersk an do Skoulen in Seelterlound// | + | ===projects === |
+ | Sater Frisian | ||
+ | * [[languages: | ||
+ | * // | ||
+ | * //Fräindai is Seelterdai// | ||
- | The primary school | + | Since April 2023, all doors in the Litje Skoule |
+ | ===Seelterfräiske Skoule=== | ||
+ | The two primary schools Litje Skoule and Marienschule have a certifite as // | ||
==== Secondary education ==== | ==== Secondary education ==== | ||
- | For secondary education, | + | Sater Frisian |
- | * Schulzentrum | + | [[https:// |
- | * Laurentius-Siemer-Gymnasium in // | + | |
- | ==== Tertiary education ==== | + | [[https:// |
- | At the [[https:// | + | |
+ | |||
+ | ==== higher education/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | At the [[https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | Occasionaly, | ||
+ | ==== Adult education ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | The Seelter Buund, in collaboration with Seeltersk Kontoor, organises beginner and advanced | ||
+ | |||
+ | A Sater Frisian | ||
---- | ---- | ||
Line 162: | Line 224: | ||
==== Organisations ==== | ==== Organisations ==== | ||
+ | * [[https:// | ||
+ | * [[https:// | ||
+ | * [[https:// | ||
+ | * [[https:// | ||
+ | * [[http:// | ||
+ | |||
- | * [[http:// | ||
- | * [[https:// | ||
- | * [[https:// | ||
==== Online resources ==== | ==== Online resources ==== | ||
- | * [[http://www.stuuns.com/seelterfraeisk-lere/|Seelterfräisk lere]] collection | + | |
- | * [[https:// | + | ===Linguistics, |
+ | |||
+ | * [[https://www.seeltersk.de/wp-content/uploads/ | ||
+ | * [[https:// | ||
+ | * [[https:// | ||
+ | * [[http:// | ||
+ | * [[https:// | ||
+ | * [[https:// | ||
+ | * [[https:// | ||
* [[https:// | * [[https:// | ||
- | * [[http://www.saterfriesisches-wörterbuch.de/|Saterfriesisches wörterbuch]] dictionary | + | * [[https://www.seeltersk.de/ |
+ | |||
+ | ===Learning materials=== | ||
+ | * [[https:// | ||
+ | * [[https:// | ||
+ | * [[https:// | ||
+ | * [[https:// | ||
+ | * [[https:// | ||
* [[http:// | * [[http:// | ||
- | * [[https:// | + | * [[https:// |
- | * [[https:// | + | * [[https:// |
+ | |||
+ | ===Other=== | ||
+ | * [[https:// | ||
+ | * [[https:// | ||
+ | | ||
- | |||
- | ---- | ||
languages/saterfrisian_in_germany.txt · Last modified: 2023/06/26 15:58 by ydwine