Differences

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--- languages:limburgish_in_the_netherlands [2025/01/09 15:50] – [Language learning materials] ydwine
+++ languages:limburgish_in_the_netherlands [2026/05/18 11:35] (current) – [Education presence] siemone
@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 ==== Language vitality according to: ====
 ^  [[https://en.wal.unesco.org/countries/netherlands/languages/limburgan|UNESCO]]  ^  [[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/lim/Ethnologue|Ethnologue]]  ^  [[http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/10425|Endangered Languages]]  ^  [[https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/limb1263|Glottolog]]  ^
-|  {{:endangerment:blue.png?nolink|Potentially vulnerable}}  |  {{:endangerment:blue.png?nolink|Stable}}  |  n/a  |  {{:endangerment:yellow.png?nolink|Threatened}}  |
+|  {{:endangerment:cyan.png?nolink|Potentially vulnerable}}  |  {{:endangerment:blue.png?nolink|Stable}}  |  n/a  |  {{:endangerment:yellow.png?nolink|Threatened}}  |
+<sup> Click [[manual:colour_codes|here]] for a full overview of the language vitality colour codes. </sup>
 ==== Linguistic aspects: =====
   * Classification: Indo-European → Germanic → West-Germanic → High German → Middle German → Middle Franconian → Ripuarian → Limburgish. For more information, see //limb1263// at [[http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/limb1263|Glottolog]]
@@ Line 12: / Line 13: @@
 ==== Language standardisation ====
-There have been several different orthographies for Limburgish (varieties). [[languages:limburgish_in_the_netherlands#organisations|Veldeke Limburg]] has published the first official Veldeke-spelling for Limburgish in 1952, with a second following in 1983. In 2003, [[languages:limburgish_in_the_netherlands#Linguistics, grammars, dictionaries|Spelling 2003 voor de Limburgse dialecten]] (Eng: Spelling 2003 for the Limburgish dialects) was published and officially accepted by [[languages:limburgish_in_the_netherlands#organisations|De Raod veur ’t Limburgs]]. This document has guidelines for the spelling of all Limburgish dialects, and also serves as a base for the online dictionary [[languages:limburgish_in_the_netherlands#Linguistics, grammars, dictionaries|D’n Dictionair]] (2016)((Pierre Bakkes, Herman Crompvoets, Jan Notten and Frans Walraven. (2003). //Spelling 2003 voor Limburgse dialecten//. [[http://www.limburgsedialecten.nl/download/spelling2003.pdf]]))((Limburgse Academie. (n.d.). Limburgse woordenboeken. //Limburgse Academie.// [[https://limburgs.org/nl/woordenboek/]].)). Nonetheless, as Limburgish knoiws many varieties, Veldeke underlines that this 2003 spelling is an advice, and writers can deviate from this if they think (the sounds of) varieties are better reflected differently((Veldeke Limburg. (n.d). Spellingsadvies. //Veldeke Limburg//. [[https://www.veldeke.net/taal/spellingsadvies]].)).
+There have been several different orthographies for Limburgish (varieties). [[languages:limburgish_in_the_netherlands#organisations|Veldeke Limburg]] has published the first official Veldeke-spelling for Limburgish in 1952, with a second following in 1983. In 2003, [[languages:limburgish_in_the_netherlands#Linguistics, grammars, dictionaries|Spelling 2003 voor de Limburgse dialecten]] (Eng: Spelling 2003 for the Limburgish dialects) was published and officially accepted by [[languages:limburgish_in_the_netherlands#organisations|De Raod veur ’t Limburgs]]. This document has guidelines for the spelling of all Limburgish dialects, and also serves as a base for the online dictionary [[languages:limburgish_in_the_netherlands#Linguistics, grammars, dictionaries|D’n Dictionair]] (2016)((Pierre Bakkes, Herman Crompvoets, Jan Notten and Frans Walraven. (2003). //Spelling 2003 voor Limburgse dialecten//. [[http://www.limburgsedialecten.nl/download/spelling2003.pdf]]))((Limburgse Academie. (n.d.). Limburgse woordenboeken. //Limburgse Academie.// [[https://limburgs.org/nl/woordenboek/]].)). Nonetheless, as Limburgish knows many varieties, Veldeke underlines that this 2003 spelling is an advice, and writers can deviate from this if they think (the sounds of) varieties are better reflected differently((Veldeke Limburg. (n.d). Spellingsadvies. //Veldeke Limburg//. [[https://www.veldeke.net/taal/spellingsadvies]].)).
 ===== Demographics =====
@@ Line 32: / Line 33: @@
 However, varieties commonly are identified by the town/city ((Limburgse Academie. (n.d.). //Limburgse Taal.// [[https://limburgs.org/nl/limburgs/]].))((Frens Bakker. (1997). 'Wat is Limburgs?'. In // Onze Taal//, year 66, p.107-109 [[https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/_taa014199701_01/_taa014199701_01_0072.php]].)), such as:
-  * Kerkrade: Kirchröadsj
+  * Kerkrade: Kerkraads/Kirchröadsj
-  * Maastricht: Mestreechs
+  * Maastricht: Maastrichts/Mestreechs
-  * Sittard: Zitterds
+  * Sittard: Sittards/Zitterds/Zittesj
-  * Roermond: Remunjs
+  * Roermond: Roermonds/Remunjs
   * Venlo: Venloos
-  * Weert: Wieërtlands
+  * Weert: Weerrtlands/Wieërtlands
   * Region Valkenberg: Valkebergs, Bergs, Hölsbergs, Houtems, Subs, Sjins ((Diederen, E. en Lahey, M. (2008). Gemeinte Valkeberg aan de Geul. //veldeke-krink-valkeberg// [[http://www.veldeke-valkeberg.nl/valkenburg%20aan%20de%20geul.html.]].))
@@ Line 94: / Line 95: @@
 ===== History of language education =====
-In 1937, the national Primary Education Act of 1920 (Lager Onderwijswet, 1920) was amended, and included the provision that "a regional language in living use" could be taught, alongside Dutch ((Riemersma, A.M.J., Robinson-Jones, C. (ed.), Scarse, Y.R. (ed.), Ybema, J. (ed.), Visser, M.(ed.), & Schukking, A.F. (ed.). (2024). //The Frisian language in education in the Netherlands //(5th ed.). (Regional Dossier series). Mercator European Research Centre on Multilingualism and Language Learning. [[https://www.mercator-research.eu/regional-dossiers/frisian-netherlands/]].))((Kroon, S., & Vallen, T. (2004). Dialect en schoolprestaties in Kerkrade. In //Dialect en school in Limburg// (p.36-45), Studies in Meertaligheid, 5. [[https://pure.uvt.nl/ws/files/817270/dialect.pdf]].)). Since 1998, a regional language can also be used as language of instruction, alongside Dutch ((Kroon, S., & Vallen, T. (2004). Dialect en schoolprestaties in Kerkrade. In //Dialect en school in Limburg// (p.36-45), Studies in Meertaligheid, 5. [[https://pure.uvt.nl/ws/files/817270/dialect.pdf]].)). To which extent this has been done, is difficult to retrace
+In 1937, the national Primary Education Act of 1920 (Lager Onderwijswet, 1920) was amended, and included the provision that "a regional language in living use" could be taught, alongside Dutch ((Riemersma, A.M.J., Robinson-Jones, C. (ed.), Scarse, Y.R. (ed.), Ybema, J. (ed.), Visser, M.(ed.), & Schukking, A.F. (ed.). (2024). //The Frisian language in education in the Netherlands //(5th ed.). (Regional Dossier series). Mercator European Research Centre on Multilingualism and Language Learning. [[https://www.mercator-research.eu/regional-dossiers/frisian-netherlands/]].))((Kroon, S., & Vallen, T. (2004). Dialect en schoolprestaties in Kerkrade. In //Dialect en school in Limburg// (p.36-45), Studies in Meertaligheid, 5. [[https://pure.uvt.nl/ws/files/817270/dialect.pdf]].)). Since 1998, a regional language can also be used as language of instruction, alongside Dutch ((Kroon, S., & Vallen, T. (2004). Dialect en schoolprestaties in Kerkrade. In //Dialect en school in Limburg// (p.36-45), Studies in Meertaligheid, 5. [[https://pure.uvt.nl/ws/files/817270/dialect.pdf]].)). To which extent this has been done, is difficult to retrace.
-In 2012, Limburgish was taught (optionally) at up to 80 primary schools and up to 20 secondary schools. However, it seems that these numbers have been declining, as in 2019, the Committee of Experts reported that Limburgish was taught at some schools((Committee of Experts on the Charter. (2012). //European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages: application of the charter in the Netherlands -4th monitoring cycle. // Council of Europe. [[https://rm.coe.int/16806d8e11]].)), and in 2022, it is reported that some (primary) schools teach Limburgish via projects or after-school programmes ((Committee of Experts on the Charter. (2022). //7th evaluation report on the Netherlands.// Council of Europe. [[https://rm.coe.int/netherlandsecrml7-en/1680aa8930]].)).
+In 2012, Limburgish was taught (optionally) at up to 80 primary schools and up to 20 secondary schools. However, it seems that these numbers have been declining, as in 2019, the Committee of Experts reported that Limburgish was taught at some schools((Committee of Experts on the Charter. (2012). //European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages: application of the charter in the Netherlands -4th monitoring cycle. // Council of Europe. [[https://rm.coe.int/16806d8e11]].)), and in 2022, it is reported that some (primary) schools teach Limburgish via projects or after-school programmes ((Committee of Experts on the Charter. (2022). //7th evaluation report on the Netherlands.// Council of Europe. [[https://rm.coe.int/netherlandsecrml7-en/1680aa8930]].)). Starting 2025, a vocational school in Limburg offered, for the first time ever, an elective course focusing on the Limburgish history, language, and culture((Linssen, J. (2025, 18 oktober). //Plat op je diploma: primeur voor Vista-studenten, die les krijgen in het Limburgs//. L1 Nieuws. https://www.l1nieuws.nl/entertainment/3012464/plat-op-je-diploma-primeur-voor-vista-studenten-die-les-krijgen-in-het-limburgs))((Jessen, M. (2026, 21 januari). //De kracht van de Limburgse taal: “De luuj begriepe mich väöl baeter ès ich plàt kal”//. L1 Nieuws. https://www.l1nieuws.nl/nieuws/3077550/de-kracht-van-de-limburgse-taal-de-luuj-begriepe-mich-vaol-baeter-es-ich-plat-kal)).
 ===language attitudes in school===
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 Though the Nederlandse Taalunie (Language Union) gave a negative advice to recognise Limburgish, the Ministry of the Interior adopted this recommendation from the working group in February 1997, and so, before the ECRML was enacted in the Netherlands in 1998, Limburgish was recognised under part II of the ECRML ((Veldeke Limburg. (n.d.). Erkenning als streektaal [ENg: recognition as regional language]((https://www.veldeke.net/taal/erkenning-als-streektaal/]].))((Kroon, S., & Vallen, T. (2004). Dialect in Limburg. In //Dialect en school in Limburg// (p.11-32), Studies in Meertaligheid, 5. [[https://pure.uvt.nl/ws/files/817287/diallimb.pdf]].))((Council of Europe. (2023, June 20). Reservations and Declarations for Treaty No.148 - European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages (ETS No. 148). [[https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/concerning-a-given-treaty?module=declarations-by-treaty&territoires=&codeNature=0&codePays=&numSte=148&enVigueur=true&ddateDebut=05-05-1949]].)). Despite the recognition, the secretary-general of the Nederlandse Taalunie stated in 1999, that the recognition of Limburgish was an "unfortunate decision"((Kroon, S., & Vallen, T. (2004). Dialect in Limburg. In //Dialect en school in Limburg// (p.11-32), Studies in Meertaligheid, 5. [[https://pure.uvt.nl/ws/files/817287/diallimb.pdf]].)).
-In April 2023, an open letter written by [[languages:limburgish_in_the_netherlands#organisations|Hoes veur ’t Limburgs]] was sent to the provincial government of Limburg with the call to recognise Limburgish under [[general_information:glossary_of_terms#European Charter for Regional and Minority languages|part III]], before December 2024 ((Hoes veur ’t Limburgs. (2023, April 21). Open brief Limburgse taal [Eng: open letter about Limburgish language. [[http://www.eblt.nl/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Open-Brief-aan-het-Limburgs-Parlement.pdf]].)). The Provincial Council of Limburg decided that more research and support was needed for recognition under part III of the European Charter in December 2023. One year later, in December 2024, the policy plan [[https://hoesveurtlimburgs.nl/storage/885/Uitvoeringsprogramma-Limburgse-taal-2025-2027.pdf|Same veur 't Limburgs 2025-2027]] [Together for Limburgish 2025-2027] was adopted by the Provincial Council of Limburg, which aims to strengthen the status of Limburgish under part II and to research and prepare necessary steps towards a higher recognition under part III ((Provincie Limburg. (2024). //Same veur 't Limburgs 2025-2027: Uitvoeringsprogramma Limburgse taal 2025-2027// [Together for Limburgish 2025-2027: implementation plan for Limburgish 2025-2027]. [[https://hoesveurtlimburgs.nl/storage/885/Uitvoeringsprogramma-Limburgse-taal-2025-2027.pdf]].))((Provincie Limburg. (2024). Provinciale Staten: Statenvergadering met één agendapunt in het dialect vrijdag 13 december 2024 [Provincial Council: Council meeting with one topic in dialect Friday December 13]. Retrieved frnom: [[https://limburg.bestuurlijkeinformatie.nl/Agenda/Index/8fab599e-aa5f-4265-a9df-7bd7af5b433a]].)).
+In April 2023, an open letter written by [[languages:limburgish_in_the_netherlands#organisations|Hoes veur ’t Limburgs]] was sent to the provincial government of Limburg with the call to recognise Limburgish under [[general_information:glossary_of_terms#European Charter for Regional and Minority languages|part III]], before December 2024 ((Hoes veur ’t Limburgs. (2023, April 21). Open brief Limburgse taal [Eng: open letter about Limburgish language. [[http://www.eblt.nl/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Open-Brief-aan-het-Limburgs-Parlement.pdf]].)). The Provincial Council of Limburg decided that more research and support was needed for recognition under part III of the European Charter in December 2023. One year later, in December 2024, the policy plan [[https://hoesveurtlimburgs.nl/storage/885/Uitvoeringsprogramma-Limburgse-taal-2025-2027.pdf|Same veur 't Limburgs 2025-2027]] [Together for Limburgish 2025-2027] was adopted by the Provincial Council of Limburg, which aims to strengthen the status of Limburgish under part II and to research and prepare necessary steps towards a higher recognition under part III ((Provincie Limburg. (2024). //Same veur 't Limburgs 2025-2027: Uitvoeringsprogramma Limburgse taal 2025-2027// [Together for Limburgish 2025-2027: implementation plan for Limburgish 2025-2027]. [[https://hoesveurtlimburgs.nl/storage/885/Uitvoeringsprogramma-Limburgse-taal-2025-2027.pdf]].))((Provincie Limburg. (2024). Provinciale Staten: Statenvergadering met één agendapunt in het dialect vrijdag 13 december 2024 [Provincial Council: Council meeting with one topic in dialect Friday December 13]. Retrieved frnom: [[https://limburg.bestuurlijkeinformatie.nl/Agenda/Index/8fab599e-aa5f-4265-a9df-7bd7af5b433a]].)). An independent task force was established to research these steps as well as provide advice for the provincial government, stay in touch with the Committee of Experts, establish collaboration between organisations and initiate projects ((Actiecommissie Limburgse taal. (n.d.). Provincie Limburg. https://www.limburg.nl/onderwerpen/cultuur-erfgoed-archeologie/limburgse-taal/actiecommissie-limburgse-taal/)).
 ==== National level====
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   * Secondary school education (12-16/18 years)
-Until August 2022, the //Wet op het voortgezet onderwijs// [Secondary Education Act] stated the same construction as pre-school and primary education, namely that regional language variety "which is in lively use" can be used as medium of instruction, alongside Dutch. However, this passage no longer is included in the current [[https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0044212/2024-08-01|Wet voortgezet onderwijs 2020]] [Secondary Education Act 2020]. The Act does allow to deviate from Dutch as language of instruction when the subject is about another language, or when it is necessary to do so for pupils because of their linguistic background ((Wet voortgezet onderwijs 2020, BWBR0044212 [Secondary Education Act of 2020]. (2020, September 30). Retrieved Octobe 15, 2024, from [[https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0044212/2024-01-01/0]].)).
+The //Wet op het voortgezet onderwijs// (English: Secondary Education Act) allows to deviate from Dutch as language of instruction when the subject is about another language, or when it is necessary to do so for pupils because of their linguistic background ((Wet voortgezet onderwijs 2020, BWBR0044212 [Secondary Education Act of 2020]. (2020, September 30). Retrieved Octobe 15, 2024, from [[https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0044212/2024-01-01/0]].)).
@@ Line 170: / Line 171: @@
 Limburgish language education is promoted and supported by [[languages:limburgish_in_the_netherlands#Organisations|several organisations]], which receive subsidy from the province of Limburg. After its recognition under part II of the ECRML, the [[languages:limburgish_in_the_netherlands#organisations|Raod veur ’t Limburgs]] (Eng: the Limburgish council) and a //streektaalfunctionaris// (Eng: regional language officer; via [[languages:limburgish_in_the_netherlands#organisations|Huis voor de Kunsten Limburg]]) have been appointed to promote the Limburgish language since 2001((Kroon, S., & Vallen, T. (2004). Dialect in Limburg. In //Dialect en school in Limburg// (p.11-32), Studies in Meertaligheid, 5. [[https://pure.uvt.nl/ws/files/817287/diallimb.pdf]].)). Since 2022, the provincial government of Limburg has supported the (establishement) and organisation of //'t Hoes veur ‘t Limburgs// [ENG: the House for Limburgish]], including €60.000 for an educational employee((Van Hoof, J. (2022, July 4). Provinciale subsidie: Hoes veur ‘t Limburgs stap dichterbij [Eng: Provincial subsidy: Hoes veur 't Limburgs one step closer]]. //1Limburg//. [[https://www.1limburg.nl/nieuws/1778988/provinciale-subsidie-hoes-veur-t-limburgs-stap-dichterbij]]))((Hover, H. (2022, October 5). Hoes veur 't Limburgs in oprichting [Eng: Hoes veur 't Limburgs being established]. //1Limburg//. [[https://www.1limburg.nl/entertainment/1856837/hoes-veur-t-limburgs-in-oprichting]].)).
-The //Raod veur ’t Limburgs// is an advisory committee for the Provincial Council of Limburg. As such, it does research and gives advice regarding the recognition of the language and its the implementation. Moreover, it initiates projects to raise language awareness. In doing so, //Raod veur ’t Limburgs// often cooperates with //Huis voor de Kunsten Limburg//. This advisory organisation and knowledge centre has a focus on arts and heritage in Limburg, and as such, advices the Provincial Council of Limburg on all subsidy applications regarding language. The //Hoes veur 't Limburgs// is the newest addition, and is a knowledge and expertise centre regarding Limburgish. It is a cooperation of several language organisations, including //Veldeke Limburg// - an umbrella organisation for language promotion, the //Raod veur ’t Limburgs//, the //Limbörgse Academie// [ENG: Limburgish Acadamy] - A non-profit organistaion which develops digital language products and tools, //Levende Talen Limburgs// [ENG:Living Languages Limburgish] - The Limburgish section of the language teacher association, //Vereniging Limburgse Dialect- en Naamkunde (VLDN) [ENG: Association of Limburg Dialect and Onomastics]//, and the //Willy Dols Stichting// [ENG: Willy Dols Foundation] - a foundation for the Sittards/Zittesj  variety.
+The //Raod veur ’t Limburgs// was an advisory committee for the Provincial Council of Limburg. As such, it did research and gave advice regarding the recognition of the language and its implementation. Moreover, it initiated projects to raise language awareness. In doing so, //Raod veur ’t Limburgs// often cooperated with //Huis voor de Kunsten Limburg//. This advisory organisation and knowledge centre has a focus on arts and heritage in Limburg, and as such, advices the Provincial Council of Limburg on all subsidy applications regarding language. The //Hoes veur 't Limburgs// is the newest addition, and is a knowledge and expertise centre regarding Limburgish. With its establishment, the //Raod veur ’t Limburgs// deemed to have reached its goal and stopped in 2025((Hover, H. (2025, 26 augustus). //Raod veur ’t Limburgs stopt : het doel is bereikt//. L1 Nieuws. https://www.l1nieuws.nl/entertainment/2969450/raod-veur-t-limburgs-stopt-het-doel-is-bereikt)). The //Hoes veur 't Limburgs// is a cooperation of several language organisations, including //Veldeke Limburg// - an umbrella organisation for language promotion, the //Limbörgse Academie// [ENG: Limburgish Acadamy] - A non-profit organistaion which develops digital language products and tools, //Levende Talen Limburgs// [ENG:Living Languages Limburgish] - The Limburgish section of the language teacher association, //Vereniging Limburgse Dialect- en Naamkunde (VLDN) [ENG: Association of Limburg Dialect and Onomastics]//, and the //Willy Dols Stichting// [ENG: Willy Dols Foundation] - a foundation for the Sittards/Zittesj  variety.
 ====Financial support====
@@ Line 180: / Line 181: @@
 A major shift came in 2024, when an annual budget of 1.1 million euros was appointed to Limburgish, above existing funding for organisations, in light of the provincial policy plan [[https://hoesveurtlimburgs.nl/storage/885/Uitvoeringsprogramma-Limburgse-taal-2025-2027.pdf|Same veur ’t Limburgs 2025-2027]]. In this period, €200,000 is budgeted for Limburgish in pre-school education, schools and (general) education, and €100,000 for academic knowledge per year((Provincie Limburg. (2024). //Same veur 't Limburgs 2025-2027: Uitvoeringsprogramma Limburgse taal 2025-2027// [Together for Limburgish 2025-2027: implementation plan for Limburgish 2025-2027]. [[https://hoesveurtlimburgs.nl/storage/885/Uitvoeringsprogramma-Limburgse-taal-2025-2027.pdf]].)).
-====Language learning materials====
-Via projects and initiatives, learning materials have been made available.
-===Pre-school education===
-  * Piepekoek (Eng: peekaboo). \\ Short animated videos for chidlren in pre-school education. Developed by Raod veur 't Limburgs in 2018.
-===Primary education===
-Teaching materials are often developed by organisations and/or in light of certain projects. Organisations and project teams that have created materials for primary education are e.g. //Road veur ‘t Limburgs, Buro Streektaol Nederlands-Limbörgs// (ENG: Bureau for the regional language Dutch-Limburgish), // 3M-project, Meer kansen Met Meertaligheid//, and //Veldeke Limburg//.
-A 2021 survey (N=39) showed that most teachers indicated a need for (more) Limburgish educational resources, and that most are not sufficiently aware of the existing materials ((Huisman, L.M. (2021, July). //Limburgs in ’t oonderwies: kwatsj of zjus nuudig? A study on the attitudes of primary school teachers towards using Limburgish in the classroom//  [Master thesis, Radboud University Nijmegen]. [[https://limburgs.levendetalen.nl/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2022/05/Master-Thesis-Lieke-Huisman.pdf]].)). Moreover, the Committee of Experts of the ECRML stated in 2022, that there is a lack of dedicated financial support to develop learning materials ((Committee of Experts of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. (2022, November 18). //7th evaluation report on the Netherlands.// Council of Europe. [[https://rm.coe.int/netherlandsecrml7-en/1680aa8930]].)).
-  * //KinjerKraom// (Eng: Children's booth) \\ a tv-programme which ran from 1997-2013 (800 episodes), with two teachers as presenters and the character Jippe ((Kinjerkraom. (n.d.). De KinjerKraom. //Kinjerkraom. // [[http://www.kinjerkraom.nl/]].))
-  * //Limburgse Dialecten// [ENG: Limburgish dialects] \\ In 2005, some teaching materials up to grade 5 (8-9 year old) were developed by the [[languages:limburgish_in_the_netherlands#organisations|Road veur ‘t Limburgs]] and //het Bureau Streektaal Nederlands-Limburg// (Eng: Bureau for the regional language Dutch-Limburg)((Limburgse Dialecten. (n.d.). //Educatie//. Limburgse Dialecten. [[http://www.limburgsedialecten.nl/limburgs.html#educatie]].)) ((Kroon, S., & Vallen, T. (2004). Dialect in Limburg. In //Dialect en school in Limburg// (p.11-32), Studies in Meertaligheid, 5. [[https://pure.uvt.nl/ws/files/817287/diallimb.pdf]].)). These materials mainly concern attitudes towards different languages, including Limburgish, and only to a lesser extent learning the Limburgish language ((Limburgse Dialecten. (n.d.). //Educatie//. Limburgse Dialecten. [[http://www.limburgsedialecten.nl/limburgs.html#educatie]].)). The materials are available in different dialects of Limburgish and in Dutch.((Limburgse Dialecten. (n.d.). //Educatie//. Limburgse Dialecten. [[http://www.limburgsedialecten.nl/limburgs.html#educatie]].)).
-  * //Dien eige taol/ Dien eige taal/ Dien Eigen Taal//  (in order: Mestreechs,Remunjs, Venloos; Eng: your own language) \\ This book (2005-2006) was made available  in several Limburgish varieties, developed by the Buro Streektaol Nederlands-Limbörgs (Eng: Bureau for the regional language Dutch-Limburgish) ((Committee of Experts on the Charter. (2012, October 24). //European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages: application of the charter in the Netherlands -4th monitoring cycle. // Council of Europe. [[https://rm.coe.int/16806d8e11]].)).
-  *  //Limburgs op de kaart// (Eng; Limburgish on the map) \\ A folder developed by De Raod veur 't Limburgs in 2007, and distributed for free to schools in Limburg ((1Limburg. (2007, October 12). Raod veur 't Limburgs komt met dialectenkaart. //1Limburg.// [[https://l1.nl/raod-veur-t-limburgs-komt-met-dialectenkaart-114741?pagina=39]].))It explains the different characteristics of the varieties in Limburgish. Its aim is to make the pupils aware of the differences between varieties in Limburgish and contributing to a positive attitude towards Limburgish((Limburgse Dialecten. (n.d.). //Educatie//. Limburgse Dialecten. [[http://www.limburgsedialecten.nl/limburgs.html#educatie]].)).
-  * //Lesbrieven// (Eng: teaching materials) \\ Between 2007-2016, the //lesbrieven // were created by Veldeke Limburg. These are thematic educational materials (in Dutch) to learn about Limburgish language, culture and/or history, aimed at the highest classes of primary education (11-12 years old) ((Veldeke Limburg. (n.d.). Lesbrieven. //Veldeke Limburg//. [[https://www.veldeke.net/jeugd/lesbrieven/]].))
-  * //Verhäölkes in ós Limburgs plat// [ENG: stories in Limburgish] \\ A story book with 26 tales which was published in 2020 in the varieties of Echs, Remunjs, Zitterds, Susterens, Valkebergs, Venrods en Wieërtlands, and a version with the stories in the original Limburgish variety. The book was developed by Veldeke Limburg. De Raod veur ’t Limburgs co-financed the publication, and made one copy available for each library. Veldeke Limburg aimed to make a copy available for a hundred schools ((Veldeke Limburg. (n.d.). Verhäölkes in ós Limburgs plat. //Veldeke Limburg.// [[https://www.veldeke.net/verhaolkes-in-os-limburgs-plat/]].))
-  * //3M-project// \\ In 2017-2021, materials in several languages, including Limburgisch were creater for the [[https://sites.google.com/view/3mlimburg/homepage?authuser=0|3M project]] (//Meer kansen Met Meertaligheid//, ENG: More Opportunities with Multilingualism), led by NHL Stenden University of Applied Sciences. The Limburgish materials are available for all grades in primary school. The project aims to welcome both LImburgish and multilingualism in the classroom.
-===Secondary education===
-  *//Wiejer in dien eige taal// (Eng: Further in your own language) \\ This book was made available in several Limburgish varieties (Remunjs, Zitterds, Gelaens) in 2006, and was developed by the Buro Streektaol Nederlands-Limbörgs, with a focus on students aged 14-15 years (Limburgse Dialecten. (n.d.). Limburgs. //Limburgse Dialecten.// [[http://www.limburgsedialecten.nl/limburgs.html]].))
-===Higher/ Vocational education===
-  * //Liergank Limburgs// (Eng: course on Limburgish) \\ A course 'Limburgs Dialect’ or ‘Liergank Limburgs’ (2003). ((Kroon, S., & Vallen, T. (2004). Dialect in Limburg. In //Dialect en school in Limburg// (p.11-32), Studies in Meertaligheid, 5. [[https://pure.uvt.nl/ws/files/817287/diallimb.pdf]].))
 ===== Education presence =====
@@ Line 234: / Line 206: @@
 ===higher education===
 Since 2011, Prof Dr Leonie Cornips is professor 'Language Culture in Limburg' at the University of Maastricht (for 0,3 fte) ((Maastricht University. (n.d.). Prof Dr L.M.E.A. Cornips. //Maastricht University.//. [[https://www.maastrichtuniversity.nl/lmea-cornips]].))((Van Houten, M. (2011, September 1). Een nieuwe draai aan het Limburgs [Eng: a new turn for Limburgs]. //Trouw//. [[https://www.trouw.nl/nieuws/een-nieuwe-draai-aan-het-limburgs~bb51a9c8/]].)).
+In 2025, a vocational school began offering an elective course on Limburgish history, language, and culture ((Linssen, J. (2025, 18 oktober). //Plat op je diploma: primeur voor Vista-studenten, die les krijgen in het Limburgs//. L1 Nieuws. https://www.l1nieuws.nl/entertainment/3012464/plat-op-je-diploma-primeur-voor-vista-studenten-die-les-krijgen-in-het-limburgs)).
+====Language learning materials====
+Teaching materials are often developed by organisations and/or in light of certain projects. Organisations and project teams that have created materials for primary education are e.g. //Road veur ‘t Limburgs, Buro Streektaol Nederlands-Limbörgs// (ENG: Bureau for the regional language Dutch-Limburgish), // 3M-project, Meer kansen Met Meertaligheid//, and //Veldeke Limburg//.
+===Pre-school education===
+  * //Piepekoek// [ENG: peekaboo]. \\ Short animated videos for chidlren in pre-school education. Developed by Raod veur 't Limburgs in 2018.
+  * //Zjuulke// \\ Zjuulke is a toddler who invites everyone to use Limburgish, and promotes bilingual education.
+A 2022 survey among pre-school education staff showed that there is a need for more teaching materials, reported by 42.7% of the respondents, as well as a need for more information about the advantages to use Limburgish (39.7%)((Van Dongen, J. (2022). //Onderzoek Limburgse Taal in de kinderopvang// [powerpoint presentation; a survey on Limburgish in day care]. MIK & PIW groep, Zuyd Hogeschool. [[https://hoesveurtlimburgs.nl/storage/168/Resultaten-onderzoek-Limburgse-taal-in-de-kinderopvang.pdf]].)).
+===Primary education===
+  * //KinjerKraom// (Eng: Children's booth) \\ a tv-programme which ran from 1997-2013 (800 episodes), with two teachers as presenters and the character Jippe ((Kinjerkraom. (n.d.). De KinjerKraom. //Kinjerkraom. // [[http://www.kinjerkraom.nl/]].))
+  * //Limburgse Dialecten// [ENG: Limburgish dialects] \\ In 2005, some teaching materials up to grade 5 (8-9 year old) were developed by the [[languages:limburgish_in_the_netherlands#organisations|Road veur ‘t Limburgs]] and //het Bureau Streektaal Nederlands-Limburg// (Eng: Bureau for the regional language Dutch-Limburg)((Limburgse Dialecten. (n.d.). //Educatie//. Limburgse Dialecten. [[http://www.limburgsedialecten.nl/limburgs.html#educatie]].)) ((Kroon, S., & Vallen, T. (2004). Dialect in Limburg. In //Dialect en school in Limburg// (p.11-32), Studies in Meertaligheid, 5. [[https://pure.uvt.nl/ws/files/817287/diallimb.pdf]].)). These materials mainly concern attitudes towards different languages, including Limburgish, and only to a lesser extent learning the Limburgish language ((Limburgse Dialecten. (n.d.). //Educatie//. Limburgse Dialecten. [[http://www.limburgsedialecten.nl/limburgs.html#educatie]].)). The materials are available in different dialects of Limburgish and in Dutch.((Limburgse Dialecten. (n.d.). //Educatie//. Limburgse Dialecten. [[http://www.limburgsedialecten.nl/limburgs.html#educatie]].)).
+  * //Dien eige taol/ Dien eige taal/ Dien Eigen Taal//  (in order: Mestreechs,Remunjs, Venloos; Eng: your own language) \\ This book (2005-2006) was made available  in several Limburgish varieties, developed by the Buro Streektaol Nederlands-Limbörgs (Eng: Bureau for the regional language Dutch-Limburgish) ((Committee of Experts on the Charter. (2012, October 24). //European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages: application of the charter in the Netherlands -4th monitoring cycle. // Council of Europe. [[https://rm.coe.int/16806d8e11]].)).
+  *  //Limburgs op de kaart// (Eng; Limburgish on the map) \\ A folder developed by De Raod veur 't Limburgs in 2007, and distributed for free to schools in Limburg ((1Limburg. (2007, October 12). Raod veur 't Limburgs komt met dialectenkaart. //1Limburg.// [[https://l1.nl/raod-veur-t-limburgs-komt-met-dialectenkaart-114741?pagina=39]].))It explains the different characteristics of the varieties in Limburgish. Its aim is to make the pupils aware of the differences between varieties in Limburgish and contributing to a positive attitude towards Limburgish((Limburgse Dialecten. (n.d.). //Educatie//. Limburgse Dialecten. [[http://www.limburgsedialecten.nl/limburgs.html#educatie]].)).
+  * //Lesbrieven// (Eng: teaching materials) \\ Between 2007-2016, the //lesbrieven // were created by Veldeke Limburg. These are thematic educational materials (in Dutch) to learn about Limburgish language, culture and/or history, aimed at the highest classes of primary education (11-12 years old) ((Veldeke Limburg. (n.d.). Lesbrieven. //Veldeke Limburg//. [[https://www.veldeke.net/jeugd/lesbrieven/]].))
+  * //Verhäölkes in ós Limburgs plat// [ENG: stories in Limburgish] \\ A story book with 26 tales which was published in 2020 in the varieties of Echs, Remunjs, Zitterds, Susterens, Valkebergs, Venrods en Wieërtlands, and a version with the stories in the original Limburgish variety. The book was developed by Veldeke Limburg. De Raod veur ’t Limburgs co-financed the publication, and made one copy available for each library. Veldeke Limburg aimed to make a copy available for a hundred schools ((Veldeke Limburg. (n.d.). Verhäölkes in ós Limburgs plat. //Veldeke Limburg.// [[https://www.veldeke.net/verhaolkes-in-os-limburgs-plat/]].))
+  * //3M-project// \\ In 2017-2021, materials in several languages, including Limburgisch were creater for the [[https://sites.google.com/view/3mlimburg/homepage?authuser=0|3M project]] (//Meer kansen Met Meertaligheid//, ENG: More Opportunities with Multilingualism), led by NHL Stenden University of Applied Sciences. The Limburgish materials are available for all grades in primary school. The project aims to welcome both LImburgish and multilingualism in the classroom.
+A 2021 survey (N=39) showed that most teachers indicated a need for (more) Limburgish educational resources, and that most are not sufficiently aware of the existing materials ((Huisman, L.M. (2021, July). //Limburgs in ’t oonderwies: kwatsj of zjus nuudig? A study on the attitudes of primary school teachers towards using Limburgish in the classroom//  [Master thesis, Radboud University Nijmegen]. [[https://limburgs.levendetalen.nl/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2022/05/Master-Thesis-Lieke-Huisman.pdf]].)). Moreover, the Committee of Experts of the ECRML stated in 2022, that there is a lack of dedicated financial support to develop learning materials ((Committee of Experts of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. (2022, November 18). //7th evaluation report on the Netherlands.// Council of Europe. [[https://rm.coe.int/netherlandsecrml7-en/1680aa8930]].)).
+===Secondary education===
+  *//Wiejer in dien eige taal// (Eng: Further in your own language) \\ This book was made available in several Limburgish varieties (Remunjs, Zitterds, Gelaens) in 2006, and was developed by the Buro Streektaol Nederlands-Limbörgs, with a focus on students aged 14-15 years (Limburgse Dialecten. (n.d.). Limburgs. //Limburgse Dialecten.// [[http://www.limburgsedialecten.nl/limburgs.html]].))
+===Higher/ Vocational education===
+  * //Liergank Limburgs// (Eng: course on Limburgish) \\ A course 'Limburgs Dialect’ or ‘Liergank Limburgs’ (2003).The aim was to make Limburgish also accepted during administrative meetings  ((Kroon, S., & Vallen, T. (2004). Dialect in Limburg. In //Dialect en school in Limburg// (p.11-32), Studies in Meertaligheid, 5. [[https://pure.uvt.nl/ws/files/817287/diallimb.pdf]].))
 ----
@@ Line 241: / Line 250: @@
 ====Organisations====
+  * [[https://hoesveurtlimburgs.nl/|Het Hoes veur ’t Limburgs]] (Eng: The House for Limburgish) \\ A knowledge and expertise centre, an initiative of e.g. Raod veur ’t Limburgs, Veldeke Limburg and Levende Talen Limburgs, initiated in 2022, and supported by the Provincial government of Limburg. Its aim is to preserve Limburgish as a regional language, to promote its use and to strengthen its position in all areas of society.
+  * [[https://levendetalen.nl/talensecties/limburgs/|Levende Talen Limburgs]] (Eng: Teachers of Living Languages)\\ Teacher organisation which supports Limburgish in education (and other environments). It is a section of the larger educational organisation Levende Talen.
+  * [[https://limburgs.org/nl/|Limburgse Academie]] (Eng: Limburgish Academy)\\ A non-profit organistaion which develops digital language products and tools (e.g. online dictionaries, Swiftkey app)
+  *  [[https://hklimburg.nl/netwerk/raod-veur-t-limburgs|De Raod veur ’t Limburgs]] (Eng: the Limburgish council) \\ Advisory committee for the Provincial Executive of the province of Limburg.
   * [[https://www.veldeke.net/|Veldeke Limburg]]\\ Umbrella organisation for language promotion, whith the aim to preserve and promote the language. Veldeke covers 10 circles in Limburg:
     * [[https://veldekekrinkech.nl/oos-taal/laeze-en-sjrieve/|Veldeke Krink Ech]] (NL: Echt). Also offers courses on the variety of Echt.
@@ Line 252: / Line 265: @@
     * [[http://www.veldeke.net/lb/veldeke-krink-heele-umstrieeke/|Veldeke Krink Heële]] (Nl: Heerlen)
     * [[https://www.veldekemestreech.nl/|Veldeke Mestreechs]] (Nl: Maastricht)
-  * [[https://hklimburg.nl/netwerk/raod-veur-t-limburgs|De Raod veur ’t Limburgs]] (Eng: the Limburgish council) \\ Advisory committee for the Provincial Executive of the province of Limburg.
+  * [[https://vldn.be/|Vereniging Limburgse Dialect- en Naamkunde (VLDN)]] The association of Limburg Dialect and Onomastics
+  * [[https://willydolsstichting.nl/|Willy Dols Stichting]] Foundation for the Sittards/Zittesj variety.
   * [[https://hklimburg.nl/|Huis voor de Kunsten Limburg]] (Eng: House for the arts Limburg) is an advisory organisation and knowledge centre, with the aim to support arts and heritage in Limburg. The organisation advices the provincial government of Limburg on all subsidy applications concerning language.
-  * [[https://levendetalen.nl/talensecties/limburgs/|Levende Talen Limburgs]] (Eng: Teachers of Living Languages)\\ Teacher organisation which supports Limburgish in education (and other environments). It is a section of the larger educational organisation Levende Talen.
-  * [[https://limburgs.org/nl/|Limburgse Academie]] (Eng: Limburgish Academy)\\ A non-profit organistaion which develops digital language products and tools (e.g. online dictionaries, Swiftkey app)
-  * Het Hoes veur ’t Limburgs (Eng: The House for Limburgish) \\ A (future) knowledge and expertise centre, an initiative e.g. Raod veur ’t Limburgs, Veldeke Limburg and Levende Talen Limburgs, initiated in 2022.
 ====Online resources====