Wiki on Minority Language Learning

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====== Khakas in Russia ======

==== Language designations: ====
  * In the language itself: Хакас тілі, Xakas tįlį, Hakas tíl
  * [[general_information:glossary_of_terms#ISO 639-3|ISO 639-3]] standard: kjh

==== Language vitality: ====
^ [[https://en.wal.unesco.org/countries/russian-federation/languages/khakas|UNESCO]] ^ [[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/kjh/|Ethnologue]] ^ [[http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/2434|Endangered Languages]] ^  [[https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/khak1248|Glottolog]]  ^
|  {{:endangerment:yellow.png?nolink|Definitely endangered}}  |  {{:endangerment:yellow.png?nolink|stable}}  |  {{:endangerment:yellow.png?nolink|threatened}}  |  {{:endangerment:yellow.png?nolink|Shifting}}  |

==== Linguistic aspects: =====
  * Classification: Turcik → South Siberian Turkic, for more information, see [[http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/khak1248|khak1248]] at [[http://glottolog.org/|Glottolog]]
  * Script: Cyrillic. See [[general_information:russian_legislation#Legislation concerning Script|Russian legislation concerning script]].

==== Language standardization: ====







===== Demographics =====

==== Language Area ====

Khakas is spoken in the Republic of Khakassia, in the southern part of Siberia, Russian Federation. Ethnic Khakassians make up about 11% of the republic's population.

<olmap id="language_map" width="500px" height="400px" zoom="8" lat="50.74" lon="107.17" statusbar="1" toolbar="1" controls="1" poihoverstyle="1" baselyr="OpenStreetMap" summary="Europe">

50.74,107.17,0,.8,marker-gold.png, Republic of Khakassia\\

</olmap>


==== Speaker numbers ====
The 1989 census stated that the the Khakas people numbered 78,000, of which 76,1% were native speakers. For more information, view [[http://www.eki.ee/books/redbook/khakass.shtml|The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire]]. The [[http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/2434|Endangered Languages Project]] has estimations varying from 6000 to 64,810 speakers (worldwide). 
 

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====== Language and education legislation: ======
===== History of language education: =====

The Soviet Union placed major strains and limits to the Khakas language and culture, which strongly diminished as a consequence during this period ((The Khakass.//The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empite//.[[https://www.eki.ee/books/redbook/khakass.shtml]].)).
===== Legislation in the Russian Federation: =====

See the [[general_information:russian_legislation|Russian legislation concerning minority languages]].

Textbooks in Khakas have been approved by Moscow in 2015((Goble, P. (2015, September 2). //Only Three Non-Russian Nations have Moscow-Approved Textbooks in Their Languages.// [[http://www.interpretermag.com/only-three-non-russian-nations-have-moscow-approved-textbooks-in-their-languages/]].)).
===== Legislation in the Republic of Khakassia: =====
According to the Khakas constitution (1995), and the //Language Law// (1992) Khakas is the second official language, after Russian, in the Republic.((Ó Riagáin, Dónall, ed., Voces Diversae: Lesser-Used Language Education in Europe, Belfast Studies in Language, Culture and Politics, 15 (Belfast: Cló Ollscoil na Banríona, 2006)
))

===== Educational legislation: =====
According to the //Language Law// of the Republic of Khakassia, have the right to study their native language, but it is not obligatory. ((Ó Riagáin, Dónall, ed., Voces Diversae: Lesser-Used Language Education in Europe, Belfast Studies in Language, Culture and Politics, 15 (Belfast: Cló Ollscoil na Banríona, 2006)
))
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====== Education in practice ======
There has been an increase in number of schools, classes and children learning Khakas as a subject, from 50% of Khakas children in 1994, to 70% in 2004. In addition, by 2004, Khakas was also taught in urban schools (8 schools in the capital of Khakassia, Abakan, corresponding to 35% of the Khakas children) and in kindergarten ((Ó Riagáin, Dónall, ed., Voces Diversae: Lesser-Used Language Education in Europe, Belfast Studies in Language, Culture and Politics, 15 (Belfast: Cló Ollscoil na Banríona, 2006)
))

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====== Learning resources and educational institutions ======

  * [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/numbers/khakas.htm|Omniglot]] with numbers
  * [[https://www.freelang.net/online/khakas.php|dictionary]] (Khakas and English)
  * [[http://sostik.info/|dictionary]] (Khakas and Russian)
  * [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j2TEmdRpmc8|Khakas Film]]