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--- languages:kalmyk_in_russia [2020/03/18 15:17] – [History of language education:] ydwine
+++ languages:kalmyk_in_russia [2025/06/18 10:23] (current) – [Language vitality:] ydwine
@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 ==== Language vitality: ====
-^ [[http://www.unesco.org/languages-atlas/|UNESCO]] ^ [[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/xal/|Ethnologue]] ^ [[http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/|Endangered Languages]] ^
+^ [[https://en.wal.unesco.org/countries/russian-federation/languages/oirad-kalmyk-darkhat|UNESCO]] ^ [[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/xal/|Ethnologue]] ^ [[https://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/3260|Endangered Languages]] ^  [[https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/kalm1244|Glottolog]]  ^
-| {{ :endangerment:yellow.png?nolink |Definitely Endangered}} | {{ :endangerment:purple.png?nolink |Provincial}} | No data available |
+|  {{:endangerment:orange.png?nolink|Definitely Endangered}}  |  {{:endangerment:red.png?nolink|Endangered}}  |  {{:endangerment:blue.png?nolink|Vulnerable}}   |  n/a  |
+<sup> Click [[manual:colour_codes|here]] for a full overview of the language vitality colour codes. </sup>
 ==== Linguistic aspects: =====
@@ Line 42: / Line 42: @@
 ===== Legislation of the Russian Federation: =====
 The Constitution of Russia states that "everyone shall have the right to education". This is further detailed in the Federal Law on Education. In Russia one has the right to receive education in the native language and the government is required to provide the opportunities for minorities in Russia to learn their language(s). (( The Law Library of Congress (2016). // Constitutional Right to an Education: Russia //. Retrieved January 2017. Available at: https://www.loc.gov/law/help/constitutional-right-to-an-education/russia.php#Constitutional. )) However, several changes [[general_information:russian_legislation#Further national legislation|from 2007 on]] have restricted the education of minority languages.
+==Modified: 18-03-2020==
 ===== Federal legislation: =====
 The act //On the Languages of Peoples of the Republic of Kalmykia// (No. 137-IX) (1999) states that:
@@ Line 61: / Line 63: @@
 ====== Education in practice ======
+In the Nineties, there were two types of schools in Kalmykia:
+  * schools with tuition in Russian with Kalmyk as a subject;
+  * schools with a Kalmyk curriculum and Russian as a subject ((Gouchinova, E. B. (2013). Language and the ethnolinguistic situation. In: //The Kalmyks.// (Lewis, D. C., Trans.) Routledge (pp. 60-77) (Original work published  2006).)).
+In 1995 there were 67 classes with tuition in Kalmyk and 83 nursery groups with Kalmyk as medium.
 ^Data from 2001((Kornusova, B. (2006). Developing Language Teaching Strategies: the Kalmyk Experience. In D. Ó Riagáin (Ed.), Voces diversae: lesser-used language education in Europe. Belfast: Cló Ollscoil na Banríona.
 )) ^# of children ^# of children learning Kalmyk ^