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--- languages:bildts_in_the_netherlands [2025/10/03 10:50] – [Local Legislation] ydwine
+++ languages:bildts_in_the_netherlands [2025/10/03 11:26] (current) – [Language Area] ydwine
@@ Line 35: / Line 35: @@
 ==== Language Area ====
-Bildts is highly linked to the area Het Bildt, in the North-West of the province of Fryslân, the Netherlands. The development of the mixed language is tied to the development of the area Het Bildt, which is land claimed from the sea, with the first dykes established in that area in 1505((Van Sluis, P. (2015). //Seven perspectives on Bildts: The Bildts language status in a European context//. Mercator European Research Centre on Multilingualism and Language Learning. [[https://pure.knaw.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/1479608/Mercator_report_Seven_perspectives_on_Bildts_June2015.pdf]].)). Due to language contact between Frisian speakers and speakers of the Dutch varieties from South and North Holland, Bildts could develop ((Van Sluis, P. (2015). //Seven perspectives on Bildts: The Bildts language status in a European context//. Mercator European Research Centre on Multilingualism and Language Learning. [[https://pure.knaw.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/1479608/Mercator_report_Seven_perspectives_on_Bildts_June2015.pdf]].))((Hoekstra, E, and Van Koppen, M. (2001). Het Bildts als resultaat van Fries-Hollands taalcontact [The Bildts language as results of Frisian-Hollandic language contact]. In D. Boutkan and A. Quak (eds) //Language contact. Substratum, superstratum, adstratum in Germanic languages. Amsterdamer Beiträäge zur Alteren Germanistik//. Band 54. Rodopi, Amsterdam - Atlanta, 89-106. [[https://pure.knaw.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/475794/101BildtGram.htm]].)).
+Bildts is highly linked to the area Het Bildt, in the North-West of the province of Fryslân, the Netherlands. The development of the mixed language is tied to the development of the area Het Bildt, which is land claimed from the sea, with the first dykes established in that area in 1505((Van Sluis, P. (2015). //Seven perspectives on Bildts: The Bildts language status in a European context//. Mercator European Research Centre on Multilingualism and Language Learning. [[https://pure.knaw.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/1479608/Mercator_report_Seven_perspectives_on_Bildts_June2015.pdf]].)). Due to language contact between [[languages:frisian_in_the_netherlands|Frisian]] speakers and speakers of the Dutch varieties from South and North Holland, Bildts could develop ((Van Sluis, P. (2015). //Seven perspectives on Bildts: The Bildts language status in a European context//. Mercator European Research Centre on Multilingualism and Language Learning. [[https://pure.knaw.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/1479608/Mercator_report_Seven_perspectives_on_Bildts_June2015.pdf]].))((Hoekstra, E, and Van Koppen, M. (2001). Het Bildts als resultaat van Fries-Hollands taalcontact [The Bildts language as results of Frisian-Hollandic language contact]. In D. Boutkan and A. Quak (eds) //Language contact. Substratum, superstratum, adstratum in Germanic languages. Amsterdamer Beiträäge zur Alteren Germanistik//. Band 54. Rodopi, Amsterdam - Atlanta, 89-106. [[https://pure.knaw.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/475794/101BildtGram.htm]].)).
 The Bildt area also formed a municipality for a long time, called Het Bildt. In 1984, part of the former municipality Barradeel was added to Het Bildt, which included the Frisian speaking village of Minnertsga (Fr. Minnertsgea). In 2018, a large amalgamation took place, with a merger of the former municipalities Franekeradeel, Menameradiel, and part of Littenseradiel into the new municipality Waadhoeke. In this new administrative area, speakers of Bildts are a relatively small minority. In the municipality Waadhoeke, most residents speak Frisian and Dutch, and in addition to Bildts, there is also a local variety of Town Frisian called Franekers((Van Sluis, P. (2015). //Seven perspectives on Bildts: The Bildts language status in a European context//. Mercator European Research Centre on Multilingualism and Language Learning. [[https://pure.knaw.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/1479608/Mercator_report_Seven_perspectives_on_Bildts_June2015.pdf]].))((Omrop Fryslân. (2017, January 25). Biltkers komme mei petysje oar erkenning Biltske taal [Bildts people come with petition for recognition Bildts language]. // Omrop Fryslân//. [[https://www.omropfryslan.nl/nijs/694363-bilkerts-komme-mei-petysje-foar-erkenning-biltske-taal]].)).
@@ Line 136: / Line 136: @@
 ==== Institutional support ====
-Bildts education and educational materials is supported and provided by e.g.:
+ There are a few organisations which (among other things) promote and support Bildts in education, including:
   * [[https://bildtsaigene.nl/|Bildts Aigene]], a foundation originating in //Stichting Ôns Bildt// and the former cooperative entity //Bildts documentatiecentrum//. Bildts Aigene has a section Language and Education, which, according to their year report 2019:((Bildts Aigene. (2020). //Jaarverslag 2019// [Annual report 2019. [[https://bildtsaigene.nl/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/jaarferslag-2019-AB.pdf]].))
     * organises language courses for both native and non-native speakers, both in class as well as online;
@@ Line 144: / Line 145: @@
   * [[http://meertalighyd.nl/|Kemissy Meertalighyd]], was part of the umbrella organisation of Stichting Bildts Aigene since 2015, but not anymore.((Bildts Aigene. (2020). //Jaarverslag 2019// [Annual report 2019. [[https://bildtsaigene.nl/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/jaarferslag-2019-AB.pdf]].)) The committee provides multilingual materials as well as information on multilingualism, and collaborates with [[https://www.cedinonderwijs.nl/themas/meertalig-onderwijs/|Cedin’s Centre for Multilingualism]]. The materials of Kemmissy Meertalighyd are aimed at teachers in the municipality Waadhoeke.
   * [[https://www.cedinonderwijs.nl/meertalig-onderwijs-cursussen/|Cedin’s Centre for Multilingualism]], an educational organisation which supports schools in Fryslân to embed multilingualism within education.
-  * [[https://afuk.frl/|Afûk]], an organisation for Frisian edcucation, developer of educational materials and a publishing house. Afûk also develops materials in Bildts for regular activities.
+  * [[https://afuk.frl/|Afûk]], an organisation for Frisian edcucation, developer of educational materials and a publishing house. Afûk also develops materials in Bildts for regular activities, such as the the yearly //lês-mar-foar-wiken// (reading aloud weeks), when reading to children is promoted during September.
 ==== Educational materials ====
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 The province of Fryslân and municipality has financially supported the production of pre-school and primary school educational materials in Bildts((Deputearre Steaten fan Fryslân. (2018). //Moasje 1141, erkenning Biltsk// [Motion 1141, recognition Bildts]. [[https://cms.fnp.frl/cms/bijlagen/20180313_Brief_DS_Moasje_1141_erkenning_Biltsk.pdf]].))((Van Sluis, P. (2015). //Seven perspectives on Bildts: The Bildts language status in a European context//. Mercator European Research Centre on Multilingualism and Language Learning. [[https://pure.knaw.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/1479608/Mercator_report_Seven_perspectives_on_Bildts_June2015.pdf]].)). Almost all materials are made available online for free by //Bildts Aigene// and //Kemissy Meertalighyd//.
-=== Pre-school ===
+=== Pre-school materials ===
-For pre-school, the Frisian series //Tomke// has been translated to Bildts, both books as short stories. Tomke is to be read to children aged 2-4 to stimulate the language use. The //Bildtse Post//, the local newspaper (which was published until 2023((Omrop Fryslân. (2023, September 11). It doek falt foar De Nije Bildtse Post: krante kin finansjeel net mear út [The new Bildtse Post will discontinue: the newspaper has financial difficulties. //Omrop Fryslân.// [[https://www.omropfryslan.nl/nl/nieuws/1222258/het-doek-valt-voor-de-nije-bildtse-post-de-krant-kan-financieel-niet-uit]].))), also published a Tomke story every week for a longer period, around 200 in total((Lokaal Nieuwsnet. (August, 29, 2018). Bildtse foorleesferhaaltsys Tomke in de Bildtse Post [Bildts reading stories Tomke in the Bildtse Post]//. Bildtse Post//. [[https://www.bildtsepost.nl/bildtsepost/cultuur/bildtse-foorleesferhaaltsys-tomke-in-de-bildtse-post]].)).
+For pre-school, the Frisian children books and materials of //Tomke// have been translated to Bildts. Tomke is to be read to children aged 2-4 to stimulate the language use. The //Bildtse Post//, the local newspaper (which was published until 2023((Omrop Fryslân. (2023, September 11). It doek falt foar De Nije Bildtse Post: krante kin finansjeel net mear út [The new Bildtse Post will discontinue: the newspaper has financial difficulties. //Omrop Fryslân.// [[https://www.omropfryslan.nl/nl/nieuws/1222258/het-doek-valt-voor-de-nije-bildtse-post-de-krant-kan-financieel-niet-uit]].))), also published a short Tomke story in Bildts every week for a longer period, around 200 stories in total((Lokaal Nieuwsnet. (August, 29, 2018). Bildtse foorleesferhaaltsys Tomke in de Bildtse Post [Bildts reading stories Tomke in the Bildtse Post]//. Bildtse Post//. [[https://www.bildtsepost.nl/bildtsepost/cultuur/bildtse-foorleesferhaaltsys-tomke-in-de-bildtse-post]].)).
-Every September there is a reading campaign in Fryslân, the [[https://lesmarfoar.frl/|Lês mar foar!]] [Reading aloud!]. Every year, a theme is given (connected to the national Reading week theme), and many activities are organised. For toddlers, a //Tomke// book is published with that theme, in Frisian, as well as in Bildts (and other regional languages).
+Every September there is a reading campaign in Fryslân, the [[https://lesmarfoar.frl/|lês-mar-foar-wiken]] (reading aloud weeks). Every year in September, many reading activities are oranised, and the //lês-mar-foar-wiken// have a central theme, that is connected to the theme of the national Reading Week. The main focus of this campaign is th Frisian, but regional languages are included. For toddlers, a //Tomke// book is published connected to the central theme. This //Tomke// book is published in Frisian, as well as in Bildts and other regional languages such as Stellingwerfs and Franekers.
-=== Primary school ===
+=== Primary school materials  ===
-There is one study book made in Bildts for the two highest years of primary scool, which is //Bildtse Taalrotonde//, published by the Komissy Meertalighyd in 2006. It is translated from the Frisian study book //Fryske Taalrotonde//.
+There is one study book in Bildts for the two highest years of primary scool (aged 10-12 years), which is //Bildtse Taalrotonde//, published by the Komissy Meertalighyd in 2006. It is translated from the Frisian study book //Fryske Taalrotonde//.
 Moreover, there are various [[http://meertalighyd.nl/materialen/meertalige-materialen.html|learning materials]] developed by //Komissy Meertalighyd// (in cooperation with //Cedin//):
@@ Line 169: / Line 170: @@
   * Songs (e.g. CD //Speule met Bildts//)
-Two primary schools have made own materials to use in class, one school for all levels, the other school for the lower and middle years.((Varkevisser, N. A. & Walsweer, A. P. (2018). It Bilt. In Varkevisser, N. A. & Walsweer, A. P., //It is mei sizzen net te dwaan: rapport taalplan Frysk - Ynventarisaasje nei de stân fan saken oangeande it (fak) Frysk yn it primêr en fuortset ûnderwiis// [Actions speak louder than words. Report on the Frisian Language Plan: Inventory of the state of affairs regarding Frisian in primary and secondary education] (pp.128-136). Provinsje Fryslân.))
+Two primary schools have created their own materials to use in class, one school for all levels (4-12 years), the other school for the lower and middle years (4-10 years).((Varkevisser, N. A. & Walsweer, A. P. (2018). It Bilt. In Varkevisser, N. A. & Walsweer, A. P., //It is mei sizzen net te dwaan: rapport taalplan Frysk - Ynventarisaasje nei de stân fan saken oangeande it (fak) Frysk yn it primêr en fuortset ûnderwiis// [Actions speak louder than words. Report on the Frisian Language Plan: Inventory of the state of affairs regarding Frisian in primary and secondary education] (pp.128-136). Provinsje Fryslân.))
-During the COVID-19 crisis in 2020, a Bildts colouring and story booklet was published and provided for free for the first three years of primary schools.((Franeker Courant. (May 14, 2020). Kleur- en leesboekje voor leerlingen Bildtse basisscholen [=[Colour and reading book for pupils at Bildts schools]. // Franeker Courant//. [[https://franekercourant.nl/artikel/1103436/kleur-en-leesboekje-voor-leerlingen-bildtse-basisscholen.html ]].))
+During the COVID-19 crisis in 2020, a Bildts colouring and story booklet was published and provided for free for the first three years (aged 4-7 years) of primary schools.((Franeker Courant. (May 14, 2020). Kleur- en leesboekje voor leerlingen Bildtse basisscholen [=[Colour and reading book for pupils at Bildts schools]. // Franeker Courant//. [[https://franekercourant.nl/artikel/1103436/kleur-en-leesboekje-voor-leerlingen-bildtse-basisscholen.html ]].))
-Materials regarding multilingualism are made as well, which could be used to include Bildts, by organisations and/or initiatives such as [[https://www.inspirerendmeertaligonderwijs.nl/overzicht-projecten|Inspirerend Meertalig Onderwijs]] [Inspriring Multilingual Education].
+More general materials regarding multilingualism are made as well, which could be used to include Bildts, by organisations and/or initiatives such as [[https://www.inspirerendmeertaligonderwijs.nl/overzicht-projecten|Inspirerend Meertalig Onderwijs]] [Inspriring Multilingual Education].
-=== Adult education ===
+=== Adult education materials ===
 //Bildts Aigene// is the main organisor of Bildts courses for adults, and as such, also offers the online learning environment, [[https://bildts.edufrysk.nl/registreren-keuzescherm|Digibildts]].
 ==== Financial support ====