Differences

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--- general_information:european_legislation [2024/06/27 16:29] – [Principles] ydwine
+++ general_information:european_legislation [2024/06/27 16:54] (current) – [Monitoring cycle] ydwine
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-====== European treaties - minority languages ======
+====== European treaties - regional or minority languages ======
 ----
 There are two European [[general_information:glossary_of_terms#Treaty|treaties]], both by the [[general_information:glossary_of_terms#Council of Europe|Council of Europe]]. Individual member states can legally commit to these treaties by [[general_information:glossary_of_terms#Signature of a treaty|signature]] and/or [[general_information:glossary_of_terms#Ratification of a treaty|ratification]]. F
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 The ECRML operates similar to other treaties: it proposes measures that nation states, which ratify the Charter, should take. In the case of the ECRML, these measures are divided into two parts, "Part II" and "Part III":
-  * Part II - Objectives and principles: these apply to all regional and minority languages recognised by a member state;
+  * Part II - Objectives and principles, which apply to all regional and minority languages recognised by a member state;
-  * Part III - Measures to promote the use of regional or minority languages in public life: these are a set of 68 concrete measures in 7 domains (including education) to promote the regional or minority language. Member States  which adopt part III for a regional or minority language, need to ratify at least 35 measures, in 6 domains. A language recognised under part III has a higher level of protection, as the implementation measures are more concrete.
+  * Part III - A language recognised under part III has a higher level of protection, as more concrete measures are ratified to promote the use of regional or minority languages.
 Look [[http://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/search-on-treaties/-/conventions/treaty/148/declarations|here]] for an overview of which language is protected by which Part of the Charter.
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   - With regard to education and in respect of territories other than those in which the regional or minority languages are traditionally used, the Parties undertake, if the number of users of a regional or minority language justifies it, to allow, encourage or provide teaching in or of the regional or minority language at all the appropriate stages of education.
-==== Monitoring ====
+==== Monitoring cycle ====
-To determine whether member states uphold the policies of the Charter, a delegate from the Council of Europe visits the member states every few years and reports about their compliance.
+The Council of Europe has set up a [[https://www.coe.int/en/web/european-charter-regional-or-minority-languages/reports-and-recommendations|monitoring cycle]], which includes:
+  - a periodical report sent in by the State Parties;
+  - a visit to the country by the Committee of Experts, which writes a report afterwards with its observations and recommendations for a better implementation;
+  - a short list of final recommendations from the Committee of Ministers to the State Parties.
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 =====Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (1995)=====
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   * View the text of the Framework Convention [[https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/rms/090000168007cdac|here]] (English version).
-==== Priniples ====
+==== Principles ====
 The Framework Convention proposes principles that nations, which ratify the Framework Convention, should respect and achieve. Concerning education, a few articles stand out:
@@ Line 101: / Line 107: @@
   - Paragraph 2 of this article shall be implemented without prejudice to the learning of the official language or the teaching in this language.
-==== Monitoring ====
+==== Monitoring cycle ====
-The Parties undertake to promote equal opportunities for access to education at all levels for persons belonging to national minorities.
+The Council of Europe has set up a [[https://www.coe.int/en/web/minorities/country-specific-monitoring|monitoring cycle]], which includes:
+  - a state report sent in by the State Parties;
+  - a visit to the country by the Advisory Committee, which writes a report (opinion) afterwards with its observations and recommendations for a better implementation;
+  - a short list of final recommendations from the Committee of Ministers to the State Parties;
+  - a follow-up dialogue on the results of the monitoring
 To determine whether member states uphold the principles of the Framework Convention, an Advisory Committee delegation visits the member states every few years and [[https://www.coe.int/en/web/minorities/country-specific-monitoring|reports]] about their compliance, to which the nation state will react and comment.