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--- languages:tatar_in_the_russian_federation [2017/10/23 10:09] – [Legislation of the Russian Federation:] johanneke
+++ languages:tatar_in_the_russian_federation [2025/06/18 10:25] (current) – [Language vitality:] ydwine
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-====== Tatar in the Russian Federation ======
+====== Tatar in Russia ======
 ==== Language designations: ====
@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 ==== Language vitality: ====
-^ [[http://www.unesco.org/languages-atlas/|UNESCO]] ^ [[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/fry/|Ethnologue]] ^ [[http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/10425|Endangered Languages]] ^
+^ [[https://en.wal.unesco.org/languages/tatar|UNESCO]] ^ [[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/tat/|Ethnologue]] ^ [[http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/|Endangered Languages]] ^ [[https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/tata1255|Glottolog]] ^
-| //no data available// | {{ :endangerment:purple.png?nolink |Provincial}} | //no data available// |
+|  {{:endangerment:cyan.png?nolink|potentially vulnerable}}  |  {{:endangerment:green.png?nolink|Institutional}}  |  n/a  |   {{:endangerment:green.png?|not endangered}}  |
+<sup> Click [[manual:colour_codes|here]] for a full overview of the language vitality colour codes. </sup>
 ==== Linguistic aspects: =====
-  * Linguistic classification: Turkic → Kipchak
+  * Linguistic classification: //Turkic → Common Turkic → Kipchak → North Kipchak → Tatar//
-  * Script: Cyrillic. A dispute exists between the Russian federal government and the republic of Tatarstan: the republic wishes to revert to the Latin script, but the Russian government disagrees((Ó Riagáin, Dónall, ed., Voces Diversae: Lesser-Used Language Education in Europe, Belfast Studies in Language, Culture and Politics, 15 (Belfast: Cló Ollscoil na Banríona, 2006)).
+  * Script: Cyrillic. \\
+A dispute exists between the Russian federal government and the republic of Tatarstan: the republic wishes to revert to the Latin (Latinista) script, but the Russian government disagrees((Ó Riagáin, Dónall, ed., Voces Diversae: Lesser-Used Language Education in Europe, Belfast Studies in Language, Culture and Politics, 15 (Belfast: Cló Ollscoil na Banríona, 2006))((Faller, H.M. (2011). Creating Soviet People: The Meanings of Alphabets. In //Nation, Language, Islam:Tatarstan's Sovereignty Movement//. Central European University Press.)). In 1999, Tatarstan adopted a Latin script, but this was outlawed by the Russian Duma in 2002, which stated all languages in Russia should be written in the Cyrillic script. In 2004, an appeal from Tatarstan was brought to the Russian Constitutional Court, which ruled against Tatarstan, stating the use of a different script was a "refusal" to the Russian constitution and a restriction to the rights and freedoms of Russian citizens ((Jaffe, A., Androutsopoulos, J., Sebba, M., and Johnson, S. (2012). Reclamation, Revalorization, and re-Tatarization via changing Tatar orthographies. In //Orthography as Social Action: Scripts, Spelling, Identity and Power// (pp 65-102). Walter de Gruyter.)) Nonetheless, some books are published with private funds in Latin script, though publishers may risk prosecution for this.((Faller, H.M. (2011). Creating Soviet People: The Meanings of Alphabets. In //Nation, Language, Islam:Tatarstan's Sovereignty Movement//. Central European University Press.)).
 ==== Language standardization: ====
@@ Line 52: / Line 53: @@
 ==== Concerning the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages ====
-Read more about [[general_information:russian_legislation|Russia and the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]].
+The Russian Federation has signed (2001), but not ratified the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, see: [[general_information:russian_legislation|Russia and the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]].
 ==== Federal legislation ====
 Read more about [[general_information:russian_legislation|Russian federal legislation concerning minority languages]].
-===== Federal legislation: =====
+==== Legislation of the Republic of Tatarstan: ====
 Tatarstan's Law No 1560-XII, "On the State Languages of the Republic of Tatarstan and Other Languages in the Republic of Tatarstan" (1992) ratifies the official status of Tatar on par with the Russian language in the new Tatarstan Constitution.
-===== Educational legislation: =====
+It states that:
-Tatarstan's Law No 1560-XII, "On the State Languages of the Republic of Tatarstan and Other Languages in the Republic of Tatarstan", (1992) states that:
   * there should be a compulsory Tatar language class for all students of grades 1-11 in Tatarstan.
   * there should be an equal number of Russian and Tatar language classes.
@@ Line 67: / Line 66: @@
 The Federal Education law (2007) states that:
   * the Unified State Exam (USE), a series of tests that students must take, in order to be allowed into university, should be administered in Russian.
+In 2007 Moscow and Tatarstan signed a power-sharing treaty, allowing Tatarstan to make decisions jointly with Moscow on the region's economic, cultural, and other policies. However, this treaty expired July 24, 2017. At the end of 2017, there were two announcements that Tatar education would be reduced, though both stated different measurements. The President of Tatarstan, Rustam Minnikhanov, said that the Tatar language classes would remain mandatory, but reduced from six to two hours weekly, but  the Prosecutor-General of Tatarstan, Ildus Nafikov, stated that Tatar would be taught for two hours a week on voluntary basis with written parental consent((Bowring, B. (2018). //Minority Language Rights in the Russian Federation: The End of a Long Tradition?// Palgrave. Retrieved from [[https://www.researchgate.net/publication /325625922_Minority_Language_Rights_in_the_Russian_Federation_The_End_of_a_Long_Tradition]].)).  The latter was to be true and Tatar is to be taught as a voluntary, two hour class. In July 2019, a school director in Kazan, Pavel Shmakov , has  has filed a lawsuit with the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) to challenge this restriction on Tatar language education (in 2018 Shmakov was fined for teaching Tatar as a mandatory subject at the school)
+((Bashkir, T. (2019, July 15). //Kazan Principal Turns To European Court In Fight For Tatar Language//. Radio Free Europe: Radio Liberty. Retrieved from [[https://www.rferl.org/a/kazan-school-director-turns-to-echr-in-fight-for-tatar-language/30056853.html]].)).
 ===== Inspection of compliance with educational legislation: =====
@@ Line 88: / Line 90: @@
 ====== Learning resources and educational institutions ======
+  * [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/tatar.htm|Omniglot]] with numbers, phrases and references to Tatar learning sources in Russian.