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languages:sorbian_in_germany [2020/02/19 14:55]
ydwine [12-16/18 years old: secondary education]
languages:sorbian_in_germany [2022/11/09 10:26] (current)
ydwine [Learning resources and educational institutions]
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 ==== Language vitality according to: ==== ==== Language vitality according to: ====
-^ [[http://​www.unesco.org/​languages-atlas/​|UNESCO*]] ^ [[https://​www.ethnologue.com/​language/​hsb/​|Ethnologue]] ^ [[http://​www.endangeredlanguages.com/​lang/​4280|Endangered Languages]] ^ +^ [[http://​www.unesco.org/​languages-atlas/​|UNESCO]] ^ [[https://​www.ethnologue.com/​language/​hsb/​|Ethnologue]] ^ [[http://​www.endangeredlanguages.com/​lang/​4280|Endangered Languages]] ​^  [[https://​glottolog.org/​resource/​languoid/​id/​uppe1395|Glottolog]]  ​
-|{{ :​endangerment:​yellow.png?​nolink |Definitely endangered}}| {{ :​endangerment:​blue.png?​nolink |Developing}} | {{ :​endangerment:​orange.png?​nolink |vulnerable}}| +|{{ :​endangerment:​yellow.png?​nolink |Definitely endangered}}| {{ :​endangerment:​blue.png?​nolink |Developing}} | {{ :​endangerment:​orange.png?​nolink |vulnerable}}|  {{ :​endangerment:​yellow.png?​nolink |threatened}}  ​|  
-<sup> 1) UNESCO makes no distinction between Lower and Upper Sorbian. 2) The language vitality of Ethnologue ​and Endangered Languages reflect Upper Sorbian, not Lower Sorbian. </​sup>​+<sup> 1) UNESCO makes no distinction between Lower and Upper Sorbian. 2) The language vitality of EthnologueEndangered Languages ​and Glottolog ​reflect Upper Sorbian, not Lower Sorbian. </​sup>​
  
  
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 ===== History of language education: ===== ===== History of language education: =====
  
-Sorbian education has varied with changing regimes: ((Dr. Beate Brĕzan and Měto Nowak. //Sorbian in Germany, 2nd edition//(2016) ​[[https://​www.mercator-research.eu/​fileadmin/​mercator/​documents/​regional_dossiers/​sorbian_in_germany_2nd.pdff|Mercator'​s Regional Dossier]])).+Sorbian education has varied with changing regimes: ((Brĕzan, B. and MNowak. ​(2016) ​//Sorbian in Germany, 2nd edition//​[[https://​www.mercator-research.eu/​fileadmin/​mercator/​documents/​regional_dossiers/​sorbian_in_germany_2nd.pdff|Mercator'​s Regional Dossier]])).
  
 Before 1945: Before 1945:
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       * In 1980s, there were around 7 A-type schools and 80 B-type schools.       * In 1980s, there were around 7 A-type schools and 80 B-type schools.
    
-In 2020 there are 16 type A schools in Saxony ((Sächsische Staatskanzlei. //Sorbische Schulen in Sachsen// ​(n.d.) ​[[https://​www.schule.sachsen.de/​166.htm]] ​[Retrieved on 19 February 2020])) and 7 A-type schools in Brandenburg((Bildungserver Berlin-Brandenburg. //​Brandenburgische Schulen mit bilingualem Unterricht Sorbisch/​Wendisch// ​(n.d.). [[https://​bildungsserver.berlin-brandenburg.de/​unterricht/​faecher/​bilingualer-unterricht/​brandenburgische-schulen-mit-bilingualem-unterricht-sorbischwendisch]] ​[Retrieved on 19 February 2020])) covering primary, secundary and Gymnasium level.+In 2020 there are 16 type A schools in Saxony ((Sächsische Staatskanzlei. (n.d.).//​Sorbische Schulen in Sachsen// ​Retrieved February 19, 2020, from [[https://​www.schule.sachsen.de/​166.htm]].)) and 7 A-type schools in Brandenburg((Bildungserver Berlin-Brandenburg. (n.d.). //​Brandenburgische Schulen mit bilingualem Unterricht Sorbisch/​Wendisch//​. ​Retrieved February 19, 2020, from [[https://​bildungsserver.berlin-brandenburg.de/​unterricht/​faecher/​bilingualer-unterricht/​brandenburgische-schulen-mit-bilingualem-unterricht-sorbischwendisch]].)) covering primary, secundary and Gymnasium level.
 ===== European legislation:​ ====== ===== European legislation:​ ======
  
-  * Lower Sorbian and Upper Sorbian are covered under [[general_information:​glossary_of_terms#​Part III of the European Charter for Regional and Minority languages|Part III]] of the Charter((CoE. //States Parties to the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languagesand their regional or minority languages// ​(01 January 2018) [[https://​rm.coe.int/​states-parties-to-the-european-charter-for-regional-or-minority-langua/​168077098c]] [retrieved 19 February 2020].))+  * Lower Sorbian and Upper Sorbian are covered under [[general_information:​glossary_of_terms#​Part III of the European Charter for Regional and Minority languages|Part III]] of the Charter((CoE. (2018, January 1). //States Parties to the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languagesand their regional or minority languages//. Retrieved 19 February, 2020, from [[https://​rm.coe.int/​states-parties-to-the-european-charter-for-regional-or-minority-langua/​168077098c]].)).
   * Download the [[https://​rm.coe.int/​germanypr6-en/​168078a778|latest Council of Europe report]] (2018) of Germany   * Download the [[https://​rm.coe.int/​germanypr6-en/​168078a778|latest Council of Europe report]] (2018) of Germany
 ===== National legislation ===== ===== National legislation =====
  
-  *Sorbian is not an [[general_information:​glossary_of_terms#​Official language:​|official language]] in Germany: the only official language in Germany is German.((Astrid ​Adler/​Rahel ​Beyer //Languages and language policies in Germany / Sprachen und Sprachenpolitik in Deutschland// ​(2018)From: National ​ language ​ institutions ​ and  national languages. ​ Contributions ​ to  the  EFNIL  Conference ​ 2017  in  Mannheim. Budapest: Research Institute for Linguistics,​ Hungarian Academy of Sciences. [[http://​www.efnil.org/​documents/​conference-publications/​mannheim-2017/​EFNIL-Mannheim-27-Adler-Beyer.pdf]] ​[retrieved on 19 February 2020])) +  *Sorbian is not an [[general_information:​glossary_of_terms#​Official language:​|official language]] in Germany: the only official language in Germany is German((Adler, A. and R. Beyer. (2018). ​//Languages and language policies in Germany / Sprachen und Sprachenpolitik in Deutschland//​. National ​ language ​ institutions ​ and  national languages. ​ Contributions ​ to  the  EFNIL  Conference ​ 2017  in  Mannheim. Budapest: Research Institute for Linguistics,​ Hungarian Academy of Sciences. ​Retrieved February 19, 2020, from [[http://​www.efnil.org/​documents/​conference-publications/​mannheim-2017/​EFNIL-Mannheim-27-Adler-Beyer.pdf]].)). 
-  *The Sorbian minority is recognised as one of the four autochthonous national minorities in Germany.((Minderheitensekretariat. //Wen vertreten wir?// ​(n.d.) ​[[https://​www.minderheitensekretariat.de/​wen-vertreten-wir/​uebersicht-und-selbstverstaendnis/​]] ​[retrieved on 19 February 2020])) +  *The Sorbian minority is recognised as one of the four autochthonous national minorities in Germany((Minderheitensekretariat. (n.d.). //Wen vertreten wir?// ​Retrieved February 19, 2020, from [[https://​www.minderheitensekretariat.de/​wen-vertreten-wir/​uebersicht-und-selbstverstaendnis/​]].)). 
-  *The Sorbian language is recognised as one of the five autochthonous and regional languages in Germany.((Astrid ​Adler/​Rahel ​Beyer //Languages and language policies in Germany / Sprachen und Sprachenpolitik in Deutschland// ​(2018)From: National ​ language ​ institutions ​ and  national languages. ​ Contributions ​ to  the  EFNIL  Conference ​ 2017  in  Mannheim. Budapest: Research Institute for Linguistics,​ Hungarian Academy of Sciences. [[http://​www.efnil.org/​documents/​conference-publications/​mannheim-2017/​EFNIL-Mannheim-27-Adler-Beyer.pdf]] ​[retrieved on 19 February 2020]))+  *The Sorbian language is recognised as one of the five autochthonous and regional languages in Germany((Adler, A. and R. Beyer. (2018). ​//Languages and language policies in Germany / Sprachen und Sprachenpolitik in Deutschland//​. National ​ language ​ institutions ​ and  national languages. ​ Contributions ​ to  the  EFNIL  Conference ​ 2017  in  Mannheim. Budapest: Research Institute for Linguistics,​ Hungarian Academy of Sciences. ​Retrieved February 19, 2020, from [[http://​www.efnil.org/​documents/​conference-publications/​mannheim-2017/​EFNIL-Mannheim-27-Adler-Beyer.pdf]].)).
 ===== Regional legislation ===== ===== Regional legislation =====
  
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 Within the State of Brandenburg,​ Sorbian is recognised and protected in: Within the State of Brandenburg,​ Sorbian is recognised and protected in:
   * [[https://​bravors.brandenburg.de/​de/​gesetze-212792|Constitution of the state of Brandeburg]] in Section 4, article 25 (June 1992)   * [[https://​bravors.brandenburg.de/​de/​gesetze-212792|Constitution of the state of Brandeburg]] in Section 4, article 25 (June 1992)
-  * [[https://​bravors.brandenburg.de/​gesetze/​swg|Law on the organization of the rights of the Sorbs / Wends in the state of Brandenburg]](July 1992) +  * [[https://​bravors.brandenburg.de/​gesetze/​swg|Law on the organization of the rights of the Sorbs / Wends in the state of Brandenburg]] (July 1992) 
-  * +  * [[https://​bravors.brandenburg.de/​verordnungen/​swschulv_2000|Brandenburg Education Act]] (July 2000)
    
 ===== Educational legislation:​ ===== ===== Educational legislation:​ =====
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 Saxony: the Sorbian language may be used as a language of instruction,​ and taught as a subject. Basic knowledge about the history and culture of the Sorbs has to be taught at school ((Saechsisches-Schulgeset,​ Paragraph 2 (2004). [[https://​www.revosax.sachsen.de/​vorschrift/​4192-Saechsisches-Schulgesetz#​p4a]])). Saxony: the Sorbian language may be used as a language of instruction,​ and taught as a subject. Basic knowledge about the history and culture of the Sorbs has to be taught at school ((Saechsisches-Schulgeset,​ Paragraph 2 (2004). [[https://​www.revosax.sachsen.de/​vorschrift/​4192-Saechsisches-Schulgesetz#​p4a]])).
  
-Brandenburg:​ schools are obliged to inform parents about the possibilities to learn Sorbian. Basic knowledge about the history and culture of the Sorbs has to be taught at schools ((Sorbian / Wendish Schulverordnung2000)).+Brandenburg:​ schools are obliged to inform parents about the possibilities to learn Sorbian. Basic knowledge about the history and culture of the Sorbs has to be taught at schools ((//Sorbian / Wendish Schulverordnung// (2000). [[https://​bravors.brandenburg.de/​verordnungen/​swschulv_2000]])).
  
 ==== 12-16/18 years old: secondary education ==== ==== 12-16/18 years old: secondary education ====
 Saxony: the Sorbian language may be used as a language of instruction,​ and taught as a subject. Basic knowledge about the history and culture of the Sorbs has to be taught at school ((Saechsisches-Schulgeset,​ Paragraph 2 (2004). [[https://​www.revosax.sachsen.de/​vorschrift/​4192-Saechsisches-Schulgesetz#​p4a]])). Saxony: the Sorbian language may be used as a language of instruction,​ and taught as a subject. Basic knowledge about the history and culture of the Sorbs has to be taught at school ((Saechsisches-Schulgeset,​ Paragraph 2 (2004). [[https://​www.revosax.sachsen.de/​vorschrift/​4192-Saechsisches-Schulgesetz#​p4a]])).
  
-Brandenburg:​ schools are obliged to inform parents about the possibilities to learn Sorbian. Basic knowledge about the history and culture of the Sorbs has to be taught at schools ((Sorbian / Wendish Schulverordnung2000)).+Brandenburg:​ schools are obliged to inform parents about the possibilities to learn Sorbian. Basic knowledge about the history and culture of the Sorbs has to be taught at schools ((//Sorbian / Wendish Schulverordnung// (2000). [[https://​bravors.brandenburg.de/​verordnungen/​swschulv_2000]])).
  
 ===== Institutional support for education of the language ===== ===== Institutional support for education of the language =====
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 ====== Education in practice ====== ====== Education in practice ======
-Especially Lower Sorbian dialects are vanishing due to the learning of the standard language in school.((Brĕzan, ​Beate, ​and Měto Nowak, ‘The Sorbian Language in Education in Germany, 2nd Edition’, edby Mercator European Research Centre on Multilingualism and Language LearningMercator Regional Dossiers <http://​www.mercator-research.eu/​fileadmin/​mercator/​dossiers_pdf/sorbian_in_germany_web.pdf>)) +Especially Lower Sorbian dialects are vanishing due to the learning of the standard language in school.((Brĕzan, ​B. and MNowak. (2016). //The Sorbian Language in Education in Germany, 2nd Edition//Retrieved February 192020, from [[https://​www.mercator-research.eu/​fileadmin/​mercator/​documents/regional_dossiers/​sorbian_in_germany_2nd.pdf]].))
  
 ---- ----
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     * [[https://​www.cottbus.de/​wissenswert/​sorbische_institutionen/​|Arbeitsstelle Bildungsentwicklung Cottbus]]. ​     * [[https://​www.cottbus.de/​wissenswert/​sorbische_institutionen/​|Arbeitsstelle Bildungsentwicklung Cottbus]]. ​
     * [[http://​www.sbi.smk.sachsen.de/​|Saxon Education Institute]].     * [[http://​www.sbi.smk.sachsen.de/​|Saxon Education Institute]].
 +
 +online resources: ​
 +
 +  * [[https://​soblex.de/​| Soblex]] German-Upper Sorbian / Upper Sorbian-German dictionary and inflection tables ​
 +  * [[https://​dolnoserbski.de/​|Dolnoserbski:​]] dictionaries,​ corpora and other resources for Lower Sorbian
 +  * [[https://​hornjoserbsce.de/​|Hornjoserbsce]] German-Upper Sorbian dictionary
 +  * [[https://​sotra.app/​|Sotra]] automatic translator between Upper Sorbian, Lower Sorbian and German
 +
 +  * [[https://​sprachkurs.sorbischlernen.de/#/​welcome| Sorbisch Lernen:]] Both Upper and Lower Sorbian online course at A1 and A2 level (German and English as base languages) and for level B1 (Sorbian)
 +  * [[https://​krokpokroku.sorbischlernen.de/​lekcije|Krok po kroku]] - Upper Sorbian intermediate grammar online course
 +  * [[https://​kšacpókšacu.sorbischlernen.de/​lekcije/​| Kšac pó kšacu]] Lower Sorbian intermediate grammar online course
 +  * [[http://​www.sorbische-wendische-sprachschule.de/​| Sorbische Wendische Sprachschule:​]] website of the Lower Sorbian School of Language and Culture
 +
 +
 +  ​
 +
 +
 +
 Different methods are available for teaching Sorbian as a first language, and as a foreign language. Different methods are available for teaching Sorbian as a first language, and as a foreign language.
 ==== Teacher training ==== ==== Teacher training ====
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 ====== Mercator'​s Regional Dossier ====== ====== Mercator'​s Regional Dossier ======
  
-[[http://​www.mercator-research.eu/​fileadmin/​mercator/​dossiers_pdf/​sorbian_in_germany_web.pdf|{{:​images:​dossier.png?​nolink|}}]][[https://​www.mercator-research.eu/​fileadmin/​mercator/​documents/​regional_dossiers/​ladin_in_italy_2nd.pdf|Read more]] about Sorbian language education in Mercator'​s Regional Dossier (2016).+[[http://​www.mercator-research.eu/​fileadmin/​mercator/​dossiers_pdf/​sorbian_in_germany_web.pdf|{{:​images:​dossier.png?​nolink|}}]][[https://​www.mercator-research.eu/​fileadmin/​mercator/​documents/​regional_dossiers/​sorbian_in_germany_2nd.pdf|Read more]] about Sorbian language education in Mercator'​s Regional Dossier (2016).
  
  
languages/sorbian_in_germany.1582120527.txt.gz · Last modified: 2020/02/19 14:55 by ydwine

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