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--- languages:saterfrisian_in_germany [2020/10/21 13:35] – [European legislation] ydwine
+++ languages:saterfrisian_in_germany [2021/05/19 13:49] – [Speaker numbers] ydwine
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 ==== Language standardization ====
 The American linguist Marron Fort collected words while doing linguistic research over a span of 20 years in Saterland.((Fort, Marron (2000) //Das Neue Testament und die Psalmen in der osterlauwersfriesischen Ursprache des Saterlandes, Frieslands, Butjadingens, Ostfrieslands und der Groninger Ommelanden//, [[http://oops.uni-oldenburg.de/620/1/653.pdf|Das neue Testament und die Psalmen]], [last accessed 10-12-2017])) With this collection, he created the Sater Frisian Dictionary and by that a coherent orthography. With help of this dictionary, he translated the New Testament into Sater Frisian. ((Fort, Marron (2000) //Das Neue Testament und die Psalmen in der osterlauwersfriesischen Ursprache des Saterlandes, Frieslands, Butjadingens, Ostfrieslands und der Groninger Ommelanden//, [[http://oops.uni-oldenburg.de/620/1/653.pdf|Das neue Testament und die Psalmen]], [last accessed 10-12-2017]))
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 ==== Speaker numbers ====
-Stellmacher (1998) conducted a study with his students in 1995, where they only asked a selected number of people to participate in their study to find out about the Sater Frisian language situation. Of the approx. 12.000 citizens of the Saterland, they excluded immigrants, people with a secondary residence in the Saterland region and children under 14. In the end, 10% of the remaining 8.334 citizens were then interviewed. The results showed that 4.058 people claimed that they understand Saterfrisian. The younger the citizen the smaller the knowledge of the language. The numbers of speakers vary from village to village. All in all, the number of active speakers is around 2.250 which is almost as high as 100 years ago (2.500) so people are encouraged to save the language since it stayed with the people for so long. ((Fort, Marron (2001), //Reviewed Work: Das Saterland und das Saterländische by Dieter Stellmacher// in Zeitschrift für Dialektologie und Linguistik 68. Jahrg., H. 1, pp. 100-102 [[http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/40504696.pdf?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents|Review: Das Saterland und das Saterländische]], [last accessed 10-12-2017].))
+Estimates of speaker numbers vary between a 1000 and 5000.((Moseley, Christopher (ed.)(2010). //Saterlandic//. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. Paris, UNESCO Publishing. [[http://www.unesco.org/culture/languages-atlas/en/atlasmap/language-id-346.html]].))((Endangered Languages Project (n.d.) //Saterfriesisch.// Endangered Languages Project. [[http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/3052]].))((Fort, Marron (2001), //Reviewed Work: Das Saterland und das Saterländische by Dieter Stellmacher// in Zeitschrift für Dialektologie und Linguistik 68. Jahrg., H. 1, pp. 100-102 [[http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/40504696.pdf?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents|Review: Das Saterland und das Saterländische]], [last accessed 10-12-2017].))((Seeltersk.de (n.d.) //Q&A Saterfriesisch//. Seeltersk.de Meedeelengen fonne Seelterfräiskbeapdraagde. [[https://www.seeltersk.de/archiv/was-ist-saterfriesisch/]])) Stellmacher (1998) conducted a study with his students in 1995, where they only asked a selected number of people to participate in their study to find out about the Sater Frisian language situation. Of the approx. 12.000 citizens of the Saterland, they excluded immigrants, people with a secondary residence in the Saterland region and children under 14. In the end, 10% of the remaining 8.334 citizens were then interviewed. The results showed that 4.058 people claimed that they understand Saterfrisian. The younger the citizen the smaller the knowledge of the language. The numbers of speakers vary from village to village. All in all, the number of active speakers is around 2.250 which is almost as high as 100 years ago (2.500) so people are encouraged to save the language since it stayed with the people for so long. ((Fort, Marron (2001), //Reviewed Work: Das Saterland und das Saterländische by Dieter Stellmacher// in Zeitschrift für Dialektologie und Linguistik 68. Jahrg., H. 1, pp. 100-102 [[http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/40504696.pdf?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents|Review: Das Saterland und das Saterländische]], [last accessed 10-12-2017].))
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 The presence of Sater Frisian in the school system is still not very widespread. In 2010 the Saterland introduced the model project "Das Saterland als Modellregion für frühe Mehrsprachigkeit" which translates to "The Saterland as a model region for early multilingualism". This project aims to educate (pre-)school teachers in the Sater Frisian language so that they can pass it on. ((Dein Niedersachsen (2017) //Saterland, Gemeinde mit eigener Sprache//, [[https://www.dein-niedersachsen.de/regionen/saterland|Saterland]], [last accessed 10-12-2017].))
-Dr Marron Fort is one of the researchers who is helping to maintain Sater Frisian significantly. He came to Germany in 1965 and fell in love with the language. He decided to stay in Germany and has since helped considerably in reviving Sater Frisian. Moreover, he has translated the New Testament into Sater Frisian and created the Sater Frisian Dictionary. This laid the foundation for more Sater Frisian literature. ((Dein Niedersachsen (2017) //Saterland, Gemeinde mit eigener Sprache//, [[https://www.dein-niedersachsen.de/regionen/saterland|Saterland]], [last accessed 10-12-2017].)) ((Fort, Marron (2000) //Das Neue Testament und die Psalmen in der osterlauwersfriesischen Ursprache des Saterlandes, Frieslands, Butjadingens, Ostfrieslands und der Groninger Ommelanden//, [[http://oops.uni-oldenburg.de/620/1/653.pdf|Das neue Testament und die Psalmen]], [last accessed 10-12-2017]))
+Dr Marron Fort is one of the researchers who is helping to maintain Sater Frisian significantly. He came to Germany in 1965 and fell in love with the language. He decided to stay in Germany and has since helped considerably in reviving Sater Frisian. Moreover, he has translated the New Testament into Sater Frisian and created the Sater Frisian Dictionary. This laid the foundation for more Sater Frisian literature. ((Dein Niedersachsen (2017) //Saterland, Gemeinde mit eigener Sprache//, [[https://www.dein-niedersachsen.de/regionen/saterland|Saterland]], [last accessed 10-12-2017].)) ((Fort, Marron (2000) //Das Neue Testament und die Psalmen in der osterlauwersfriesischen Ursprache des Saterlandes, Frieslands, Butjadingens, Ostfrieslands und der Groninger Ommelanden//, [[http://oops.uni-oldenburg.de/620/1/653.pdf|Das neue Testament und die Psalmen]], [last accessed 10-12-2017])) The work of Fort is also used as reference for school materials.((Litje Skoule Skäddel - Grundschule Scharrel. (2020, March). //Saterfriesisch//. Litje Skoule Skäddel - Grundschule Scharrel. [[http://www.grundschule-scharrel.de/seite/196926/saterfriesisch.html]].))
 According to the [[general_information:glossary_of_terms|European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]] the Lower Saxony Media  Act. required broadcaster in 2010 to include minority languages such as Sater Frisian. This is an ongoing process but a first step was made by the public-access radio Ems-Vechte-Welle which broadcasts "the two-hour program called Middeeges in Sater Frisian every second Sunday". ((European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, //Application of the Charter in Germany, 5th monitoring circle// (2014) pp. 40-45 [[https://rm.coe.int/16806d8829|Application of the Charter in Germany]], [(last accessed 10-12-2017]))