languages:saterfrisian_in_germany
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languages:saterfrisian_in_germany [2017/12/14 06:54] – [History of language education:] aylin_bedir | languages:saterfrisian_in_germany [2021/05/19 13:49] – [Speaker numbers] ydwine | ||
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==== Language vitality according to: ==== | ==== Language vitality according to: ==== | ||
- | ^ [[http:// | + | ^ [[http:// |
- | | {{ : | + | | {{: |
==== Linguistic aspects: ===== | ==== Linguistic aspects: ===== | ||
* Classification: | * Classification: | ||
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==== Language standardization ==== | ==== Language standardization ==== | ||
- | The American linguist Marron Fort created the Sater Frisian Dictionary and by that a coherent orthography. | + | The American linguist Marron Fort collected words while doing linguistic research over a span of 20 years in Saterland.((Fort, |
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==== Language Area ==== | ==== Language Area ==== | ||
- | Saterfrisian or Seeltersk as it is called by its speakers is nowadays | + | Saterfrisian or Seeltersk as it is called by its speakers is nowadays spoken in four villages near Cloppenburg in Lower Saxony: |
- | However, it is now recognised as a minority language. The three main villages | + | |
{{https:// | {{https:// | ||
+ | < | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | \\ Sater Frisian is one of the three Frisian languages alongside West Frisian and North Frisian. Sater Frisian is the only variety of East Frisian alive today. ((Heeringa, W. et. al (2015), // | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | <sub> Map showing West-Frisian (purple), East Frisian (light blue) and North Frisian (dark blue) ((ArnoldPlaton. (2013) //Frisian languages in Europe.svg// | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
- | The map shows the location of the Saterland. On the left it is marked in grey and on the right is shown in more detail within the district of Cloppenburg.((Heeringa, | ||
==== Speaker numbers ==== | ==== Speaker numbers ==== | ||
- | Stellmacher (1998) conducted a study with his students in 1995, where they only asked a selected number of people to participate in their study to find out about the Sater Frisian language situation. Of the approx. 12.000 citizens of the Saterland, they excluded immigrants, people with a secondary residence in the Saterland region and children under 14. In the end, 10% of the remaining 8.334 citizens were then interviewed. The results showed that 4.058 people claimed that they understand Saterfrisian. The younger the citizen the smaller the knowledge of the language. The numbers of speakers vary from village to village. All in all, the number of active speakers is around 2.250 which is almost as high as 100 years ago (2.500) so people are encouraged to save the language since it stayed with the people for so long. ((Fort, Marron (2001), //Reviewed Work: Das Saterland und das Saterländische by Dieter Stellmacher// | + | Estimates of speaker numbers vary between a 1000 and 5000.((Moseley, |
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===== History of language education: ===== | ===== History of language education: ===== | ||
- | The Saterland is known as the smallest " | + | The Saterland is known as the smallest " |
- | In 1996 it was reported that Sater Frisian was neither the language used for administration nor in church. Only two hours a week were offered for teaching in primary school. There were no audiovisual teaching materials available. ((Wilts, Ommo and Fort, Marron (1996), // | + | In 1996 it was reported that Sater Frisian was neither the language used for administration nor in church. Only two hours a week were offered for teaching in primary school. There were no audiovisual teaching materials available. ((Wilts, Ommo and Fort, Marron (1996), // |
The presence of Sater Frisian in the school system is still not very widespread. In 2010 the Saterland introduced the model project "Das Saterland als Modellregion für frühe Mehrsprachigkeit" | The presence of Sater Frisian in the school system is still not very widespread. In 2010 the Saterland introduced the model project "Das Saterland als Modellregion für frühe Mehrsprachigkeit" | ||
- | Dr Marron Fort is one of the researchers who is helping to maintain Sater Frisian significantly. He came to Germany in 1965 and fell in love with the language. He decided to stay in Germany and has since helped considerably in reviving Sater Frisian. Moreover, he has translated the New Testament into Sater Frisian and created the Sater Frisian Dictionary. This laid the foundation for more Sater Frisian literature. ((Dein Niedersachsen (2017) // | + | Dr Marron Fort is one of the researchers who is helping to maintain Sater Frisian significantly. He came to Germany in 1965 and fell in love with the language. He decided to stay in Germany and has since helped considerably in reviving Sater Frisian. Moreover, he has translated the New Testament into Sater Frisian and created the Sater Frisian Dictionary. This laid the foundation for more Sater Frisian literature. ((Dein Niedersachsen (2017) // |
According to the [[general_information: | According to the [[general_information: | ||
===== Legislation of language education ===== | ===== Legislation of language education ===== | ||
- | The language is protected by the European | + | ==== European |
- | In the [[general_information: | + | |
- | | + | Sater Frisian is covered by the [[general_information: |
- | * in comparison to the 4th report, the Land authorities do not see the need to have it taught in kindergarten | + | |
+ | It encourages the use of Sater Frisian in pre-school, primary school, secondary and higher education. It is not mentioned if the teachers are allowed to use Sater Frisian as the language of instruction. ((European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, // | ||
+ | In the report from 2014 several important aspects were mentioned: | ||
+ | |||
+ | | ||
+ | * in comparison to the 4th report, the Land authorities do not see the need to have Sater Frisian | ||
* a course in Sater Frisian has been offered in higher education at the University of Oldenburg since 2009 | * a course in Sater Frisian has been offered in higher education at the University of Oldenburg since 2009 | ||
- | * 2011 a teaching program for Low German and Sater Frisian was added to the university' | + | * in 2011, a teaching program for Low German and Sater Frisian was added to the program |
- | * there is a need for a policy which encourages more schools to teach Sater Frisian | + | * there is a need for a policy which encourages more schools to teach Sater Frisian((European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, // |
- | ((European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, // | + | |
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Before the teacher training started to be financially supported in 2010, the Saterland Association called " | Before the teacher training started to be financially supported in 2010, the Saterland Association called " | ||
Since 2010 the focus was shifted to developing teaching materials and training teachers. Furthermore, | Since 2010 the focus was shifted to developing teaching materials and training teachers. Furthermore, | ||
+ | |||
+ | ---- | ||
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===== Education presence ===== | ===== Education presence ===== | ||
- | So far there are only two so-called Sater Frisian schools. Until now, the schools can decide themselves which subjects they want to teach in Sater Frisian. The // | + | ==== Pre-school education |
- | In primary schools, it is part of the mandatory subjects whereas in secondary | + | |
- | There is no research done yet on how successful the project is. ((Niedersächsisches Kultusministerium (2014), // | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | ===== Online learning resources ===== | + | Since 1995, the //Seelter Buund// has started a project to include Sater Frisian in nursery schools. Now, there are five // |
+ | * St. Jakobus-Bäidenstuun in // | ||
+ | * Pusteblume in // | ||
+ | * St. Georg in // | ||
+ | * Unterm Regenbogen in // | ||
+ | * St. Marien in // | ||
- | [[https://de.glosbe.com/stq/de|The Sater Frisian - German dictionary]] | + | Each group has around thirty children attending, and in 2011, there were 140 children who had Sater Frisian in nursery school. There is a project to train more people to include Sater Frisian in nursery schools. ((Wikiwand. (n.d.). //Seeltersk in dän Bäidenstuun// |
- | [[http:// | + | ==== Primary education ==== |
- | [[http://www.saterland.de/portal/meldungen/pressebericht-10-2016-sprache-lebendig-machen-spielerisch-saterfriesisch-lernen-mit-wimmelspiel-app-900000129-22001.html|" | + | Since 1996, Sater Frisian is included in all primary schools of the municipaltiy. Children can attend one hour of Sater Frisian as a voluntary subject. In 2011, 150 children attended Stater Frisian class.((Wikiwand. (n.d.). //Seeltersk an do Skoulen//. Retrieved March 25, 2020, from [[https://www.wikiwand.com/stq/ |
+ | * Gruundskoule in // | ||
+ | * Litje Skoule in //Skäddel//, Scharrel | ||
+ | * Marien-Skoule in // | ||
+ | * Astrid-Líndgren-Skoule in // | ||
+ | Schools can decide themselves which subjects they want to teach in Sater Frisian. The // | ||
+ | Sater Frisian is also used in school projects, theatre productions or other kinds of public school events.((Niedersächsisches Kultusministerium (2014), // | ||
+ | |||
+ | In 2010, a project //Seeltersk an do Skoulen in Seelterlound// | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Secondary education ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | For secondary education, Sater Frisian is offered as elective subject: | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Schulzentrum Saterland in // | ||
+ | * Laurentius-Siemer-Gymnasium in // | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Tertiary education ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | At the [[https:// | ||
---- | ---- | ||
+ | ===== Learning resources ===== | ||
+ | ==== Organisations ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | * [[https:// | ||
+ | * [[http:// | ||
+ | Frasche Rädj/ | ||
+ | ==== Online resources ==== | ||
+ | * [[http:// | ||
+ | * [[http:// | ||
+ | * [[https:// | ||
+ | * [[http:// | ||
+ | * [[https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ---- | ||
- | ====== Mercator' | ||
- | - | ||
languages/saterfrisian_in_germany.txt · Last modified: 2023/06/26 15:58 by ydwine