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--- languages:polish_in_the_netherlands_under_construction [2025/12/19 17:04] – [Online learning resources] mentimoris
+++ languages:polish_in_the_netherlands_under_construction [2025/12/19 18:02] (current) – [European legislation on minority language education] mentimoris
@@ Line 34: / Line 34: @@
 ==== Language Area ====
-No visual information exists about this information yet. However, Polish has had strong connections with the Netherlands for many centuries, even long before the Second World War. ((//Cities Built on Poles: Success Stories of Poland in NL//, Dutch News. Jan 4 2025. https://www.dutchnews.nl/2025/01/cities-built-on-poles-success-stories-of-poland-in-nl. Accessed December 19 2025.)). Out of the population in the Netherlands, 0.4% uses L1 Polish at home ((Schmeets, H., L. Cornips (2022). "Taaldiversiteit in Nederland: Language diversity in the Netherlands", in //Taal en Tongval// [Language and Accent], //74//(1), 75–106)), and that in 2025, there are likely 300,000 Polish speaking people living in the Netherlands ((Bilateral Relations: Poland in the Netherlands, Website of the Republic of Poland. www.gov.pl/web/netherlands/bilateral-relations. Accessed October 7 2025.)).
+No visual information exists about this information yet. However, Polish has had strong connections with the Netherlands for many centuries, even long before the Second World War. ((Dutch News. (2025, Jan 4). //Cities Built on Poles: Success Stories of Poland in NL//. https://www.dutchnews.nl/2025/01/cities-built-on-poles-success-stories-of-poland-in-nl. Accessed December 19 2025.)). Out of the population in the Netherlands, 0.4% uses L1 Polish at home ((Schmeets, H., L. Cornips (2022). "Taaldiversiteit in Nederland: Language diversity in the Netherlands", in //Taal en Tongval// [Language and Accent], //74//(1), 75–106)), and that in 2025, there are likely 300,000 Polish speaking people living in the Netherlands ((Bilateral Relations: Poland in the Netherlands, Website of the Republic of Poland. www.gov.pl/web/netherlands/bilateral-relations. Accessed October 7 2025.)).
 ==== Speaker numbers ====
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 ==== European legislation on minority language education ====
-On the 5th of November in 1992, the Netherlands signed the [[https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list?module=declarations-by-treaty&numSte=148&codeNature=10&codePays=NET|European Charter of Regional and Minority languages]]. They ratified it almost 4 years later, on the 2nd of May in 1996. It was only less than 2 years later since the legislation was put into action. Specifically, on the 1st of March in 1998. However, there is no explicit mention of the Netherlands providing protection under the charter to Polish.
+On the 5th of November in 1992, the Netherlands signed the [[https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list?module=declarations-by-treaty&numSte=148&codeNature=10&codePays=NET|European Charter of Regional and Minority languages]]. They ratified it almost 4 years later, on the 2nd of May in 1996. It was only less than 2 years later since the legislation was put into action. Specifically, this took place on the 1st of March in 1998. However, there is no explicit mention of the Netherlands providing protection under the charter to Polish. This is because the Charter defines a minority language as a language that is traditionally used within a given territory of a State by nationals of that State who form a group numerically smaller than the rest of the State's population, and a language that is different from the official language(s) of that State. ((Council of Europe. (2024). //European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages// (4th edition). Council of Europe. https://rm.coe.int/collected-texts-charter-4th-edition-en/1680b26fa0. Accessed December 19 2025.))
-Similarly, under the [[https://www.coe.int/en/web/minorities/netherlands|Framework Convention on the Protection of National Minorities]], the Netherlands never made policies towards protecting the use of Polish, either.
+Similarly, under the [[https://www.coe.int/en/web/minorities/netherlands|Framework Convention on the Protection of National Minorities]], there are no policies that directly provide protection for the Polish language.
 ==== National legislation on minority language education ====
+Unfortunately, not much information is available on direct legislation of Polish in the Netherlands.
+However, there are several Dutch legislations that indirectly permit Polish education in the Netherlands. One of these is the freedom of education, which refers to the freedom to found schools, organise the teaching in schools, and determine the principles on which they are based. ((European Agency. (last update 2019). //Country information for Netherlands - Legislation and policy//. https://www.european-agency.org/country-information/netherlands/legislation-and-policy. Accessed December 19 2025.))
 ===== Support structure for education of the language: =====
-Unfortunately, not much support is available for Polish education in the Netherlands, besides the availability of learning materials. These are available online on TaalTaal, Polish Culture NL, the [[https://www.uva.nl/en/discipline/languages/languages/polish.html|University of Amsterdam catalogue]], and Amazon.
+Despite the lack of legislations that directly address Polish, there are many schools that teach Polish in the Netherlands, such as the aforementioned school in Tilburg. There are also options for online courses, which are primarily made for adult education in basic to advanced Polish.
+Additionally, there is a large amount of learning materials for Polish language learning available, which can be found online on TaalTaal, Polish Culture NL, the [[https://www.uva.nl/en/discipline/languages/languages/polish.html|University of Amsterdam catalogue]], and Amazon.
 ===== Education presence =====
-Besides the options provided here, online tutorship is available for all levels of education on websites such as Apprentus ((Apprentus. (n.d.) //Polish Lessons.// www.apprentus.com/en-nl/polish-lessons/the-netherlands. Accessed October 8 2025)).
+There are approximately 30 schools that offer classes in Polish language and culture to 2000 children with a Polish background. (( (n.d.) //Pools in Nederland// [Polish in the Netherlands]. https://lt-tijdschriften.nl/ojs/index.php/ltm/article/download/2340/1895/3706. Accessed December 19 2025.)) Additionally, online tutorship is available for all levels of education on websites such as Apprentus ((Apprentus. (n.d.) //Polish Lessons.// www.apprentus.com/en-nl/polish-lessons/the-netherlands. Accessed October 8 2025)).
 ==== Primary Education====
-The Polish School Lokomotywa offers classes in Polish language, culture, geography, and history for children who are 5 years and older ((Polish School Lokomotywa. https://www.lokomotywa.nl. //Over Lokomotywa// [About Lokomotywa]. Accessed December 19 2025.)).
+The Polish School Lokomotywa is a supplementary school in Amsterdam that offers classes in Polish language, culture, geography, and history for children who are 5 years and older and, at minimum, possess the basics of Polish. ((Polish School Lokomotywa. https://www.lokomotywa.nl. //Over Lokomotywa// [About Lokomotywa]. Accessed December 19 2025.)).
+Besides this school, there are many other schools in the Netherlands that offer Polish education for children, which are a part of the Forum Polskich Szkół w Holandii (Forum of Polish Schools in the Netherlands)((Kardol, H. (2017). //Poolse Scholen in Nederland// [Polish Schools in the Netherlands]]. Polen in Beeld. https://www.poleninbeeld.nl/maatschappij/poolse-scholen-nederland/. Accessed December 19 2025.)).
 ==== Higher Education/University Education====
-The University of Amsterdam offers courses in Polish language and culture, both in form of its Polish minor programme, and as elective courses for the Bachelor in European Studies and in Linguistics ((University of Amsterdam. https://www.uva.nl/en/discipline/languages/languages/polish.html?cb)).
+The University of Amsterdam offers courses in Polish language and culture, able to be taken as a beginner in the language. You can take these courses as part of its Polish minor programme, or as elective courses for the Bachelor in European Studies and the Bachelor in Linguistics ((University of Amsterdam. https://www.uva.nl/en/discipline/languages/languages/polish.html?cb)).
 ==== Adult Education ====
-Institutions like NPTaal and Polish Culture NL offer courses for adults, specialising in Polish and Dutch language education ((Polish Culture NL. (n.d.) //Learn Polish//. www.polishculture.nl/en/language/. Accessed December 19 2025.))((NPtaal. (n.d.) //Wait no longer with developing your foreign languages. Learn Dutch and Polish effectivly and enjoyably with NPtaal.!// www.nptaal.nl/en/. Accessed December 19 2025.)).
+Institutions like NPTaal and Polish Culture NL offer online courses for adults, specialising in Polish and Dutch language education ((Polish Culture NL. (n.d.) //Learn Polish//. www.polishculture.nl/en/language/. Accessed December 19 2025.))((NPtaal. (n.d.) //Wait no longer with developing your foreign languages. Learn Dutch and Polish effectivly and enjoyably with NPtaal.!// www.nptaal.nl/en/. Accessed December 19 2025.)). Their courses offer basic courses and more advanced courses alike.
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 ===== Online learning resources =====
-Please provide links to online learning resources.
-Feel free to add points, and to structure your information using chapter heading, e.g.:
 === Organisations ===