languages:piedmontese_in_italy
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| languages:piedmontese_in_italy [2020/02/17 15:53] – [Language vitality according to] ydwine | languages:piedmontese_in_italy [2024/10/16 12:36] (current) – [Language vitality according to] ydwine | ||
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| ==== Language vitality according to ==== | ==== Language vitality according to ==== | ||
| - | ^ [[http://www.unesco.org/ | + | ^ [[https://en.wal.unesco.org/ |
| - | | {{: | + | | n/ |
| ==== Linguistic aspects ===== | ==== Linguistic aspects ===== | ||
| * Classification: | * Classification: | ||
| * Script: Latin | * Script: Latin | ||
| ==== Language standardization ==== | ==== Language standardization ==== | ||
| - | A standard orthography was developed in the 1930s by Viglongo and Pacot, known as the //grafia piemontese moderna// (modern Piedmontese orthography). Although this is considered the standard for official publications, | + | A standard orthography was developed in the 1930s by Viglongo and Pacot, known as the //grafia piemontese moderna// (modern Piedmontese orthography). Although this is considered the standard for official publications, |
| ===== Demographics ===== | ===== Demographics ===== | ||
| ==== Language Area ==== | ==== Language Area ==== | ||
| - | Piedmontese is spoken in Piedmont, a region in northwest Italy that shares borders with France and Switzerland. The Piedmontese language area does not cover the whole region of Piedmont: other regional varieties are also present, including Occitan and Franco-Provençal in the west, Lombard in the east, and some Walser communities speaking a Germanic variety.(([[http:// | + | Piedmontese is spoken in Piedmont, a region in northwest Italy that shares borders with France and Switzerland. The Piedmontese language area does not cover the whole region of Piedmont: other regional varieties are also present, including Occitan and Franco-Provençal in the west, Lombard in the east, and some Walser communities speaking a Germanic variety.((Davide Ricca (2011). " |
| - | The Piedmontese language itself is often divided into several mutually intelligible dialects. The dominant dialect is that of Turin, the capital of the region. This variety has largely spread itself over the western part of the region (with some minor variations), | + | The Piedmontese language itself is often divided into several mutually intelligible dialects. The dominant dialect is that of Turin, the capital of the region. This variety has largely spread itself over the western part of the region (with some minor variations), |
| {{https:// | {{https:// | ||
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| This map, created by F. Rubat Borel, shows the languages spoken in Piedmont and the surrounding regions. Most of Piedmont itself is covered by Piedmontese, | This map, created by F. Rubat Borel, shows the languages spoken in Piedmont and the surrounding regions. Most of Piedmont itself is covered by Piedmontese, | ||
| ==== Speaker numbers ==== | ==== Speaker numbers ==== | ||
| - | Estimates of the number of speakers of Piedmontese range from 700,000 to 2,000,000. Additionally, | + | Estimates of the number of speakers of Piedmontese range from 700,000 to 2,000,000. Additionally, |
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| Three levels of legislation (potentially) affect Piedmontese and its position in education: international/ | Three levels of legislation (potentially) affect Piedmontese and its position in education: international/ | ||
| - | On an international level, Italy has signed the [[general_information: | + | On an international level, Italy has signed the [[general_information: |
| - | In Italian national law, the Legge Statale 482 from 1999 recognizes and protects the same twelve minority languages considered for the European Charter. For the recognized languages, schools in territories where they are spoken are allowed to use the minority language as a medium of instruction in addition to Italian. However, under this law Piedmontese is not recognized and thus not granted any status in the education system.(([[http:// | + | In Italian national law, the Legge Statale 482 from 1999 recognizes and protects the same twelve minority languages considered for the European Charter. For the recognized languages, schools in territories where they are spoken are allowed to use the minority language as a medium of instruction in addition to Italian. However, under this law Piedmontese is not recognized and thus not granted any status in the education system.((Legge 15 Dicembre 1999, n. 482: "Norme in materia di tutela delle minoranze linguistiche storiche" |
| - | In 1999 the regional government of Piedmont passed a motion officially recognizing Piedmontese as the regional language of Piedmont. In this motion, the regional government also asked the president of Italy to send the Legge Statale 482 (described above) back to the Parliament, to be amended with the inclusion of Piedmontese in the list of minority languages to be recognized and protected. This effort failed, meaning that Piedmontese has official status only on the regional level.(([[http:// | + | In 1999 the regional government of Piedmont passed a motion officially recognizing Piedmontese as the regional language of Piedmont. In this motion, the regional government also asked the president of Italy to send the Legge Statale 482 (described above) back to the Parliament, to be amended with the inclusion of Piedmontese in the list of minority languages to be recognized and protected. This effort failed, meaning that Piedmontese has official status only on the regional level.((Ordine del giorno n. 1118, 15 dicembre 1990. Consiglio Regionale del Piemonte. |
| - | The regional government of Piedmont first passed legislation to recognize and protect the linguistic minorities of the region in 1979, although this law did not include any direct practical measures.(([[http:// | + | The regional government of Piedmont first passed legislation to recognize and protect the linguistic minorities of the region in 1979, although this law did not include any direct practical measures.((Legge regionale n. 30 del 20 giugno 1979: Tutela del patrimonio linguistico e culturale del Piemonte. Consiglio Regionale del Piemonte.[[http:// |
| - | The 1990 regional legislation was followed in 2009 by a new regional law on the protection, valorisation and promotion of the linguistic heritage of Piedmont. This law contained further provisions for Piedmontese and other regional languages in education, even allowing for a limited role of the regional languages as medium of instruction alongside Italian. However, in 2010 the Constitutional Court of Italy ruled that the parts of the law that put Piedmontese on an equal status with Occitan, Franco-Provençal, | + | The 1990 regional legislation was followed in 2009 by a new regional law on the protection, valorisation and promotion of the linguistic heritage of Piedmont. This law contained further provisions for Piedmontese and other regional languages in education, even allowing for a limited role of the regional languages as medium of instruction alongside Italian. However, in 2010 the Constitutional Court of Italy ruled that the parts of the law that put Piedmontese on an equal status with Occitan, Franco-Provençal, |
| - | ===== Support structure ===== | + | ===== Support structure |
| * The official body governing education in Piedmont is the [[http:// | * The official body governing education in Piedmont is the [[http:// | ||
| - | * [[http:// | + | * [[http:// |
| ===== Education in practice ===== | ===== Education in practice ===== | ||
| - | The ARBUT program, instituted in 2000, provides classes in Piedmontese language and culture to pupils in participating schools (usually primary, sometimes secondary). Generally these classes run for two hours per week. Nòstre Rèis, one of the organisations supporting the program, writes that the courses include learning to read and write in Piedmontese, | + | The ARBUT program, instituted in 2000, provides classes in Piedmontese language and culture to pupils in participating schools (usually primary, sometimes secondary). Generally these classes run for two hours per week. Nòstre Rèis, one of the organisations supporting the program, writes that the courses include learning to read and write in Piedmontese, |
| - | Institutes of adult education in Piedmont occasionally offer courses in Piedmontese language and culture.(([[http:// | + | Institutes of adult education in Piedmont occasionally offer courses in Piedmontese language and culture.((Lingua e letteratura Piemontese. UNITRE Perosa e Valli. |
| - | The University of Turin offers a single, facultative course on Piedmontese in its Master' | + | The University of Turin offers a single, facultative course on Piedmontese in its Master' |
| Clearly, the place of Piedmontese in education is very limited, and this has had a negative impact on the vitality of the language. In Piedmont, the local language is often considered a code to be used by older people, and rarely spoken to children. Wider use of Piedmontese in education could help to change attitudes in the community and promote the idea that Piedmontese is a living language, suitable for both young and old.((Claudia Soria (2017). " | Clearly, the place of Piedmontese in education is very limited, and this has had a negative impact on the vitality of the language. In Piedmont, the local language is often considered a code to be used by older people, and rarely spoken to children. Wider use of Piedmontese in education could help to change attitudes in the community and promote the idea that Piedmontese is a living language, suitable for both young and old.((Claudia Soria (2017). " | ||
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| * [[http:// | * [[http:// | ||
| * [[http:// | * [[http:// | ||
| - | ====== Mercator' | + | * [[https:// |
| - | There is no Mercator Regional Dossier available for Piedmontese in Italy. | + | |
languages/piedmontese_in_italy.1581951239.txt.gz · Last modified: 2020/02/17 15:53 by ydwine