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--- languages:mirandes_in_portugal [2018/08/31 12:17] – [Legislation of language education] johanneke
+++ languages:mirandes_in_portugal [2024/10/16 12:02] (current) – [Language vitality according to:] ydwine
@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 ==== Language vitality according to: ====
-^ [[http://www.unesco.org/languages-atlas/|UNESCO]]  ^ [[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/mwl/|Ethnologue]]  ^ [[http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/4734|Endangered Languages]]  ^
+^ [[https://en.wal.unesco.org/languages/mirandese|UNESCO]]  ^ [[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/mwl/|Ethnologue]]  ^ [[http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/4734|Endangered Languages]]  ^  [[https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/mira1251|Glottolog]]  ^
-| {{ :endangerment:yellow.png?nolink }}              | {{ :endangerment:purple.png?nolink }}                    | {{ :endangerment:orange.png?nolink }}                                  |
+|  {{:endangerment:yellow.png?nolink|Endangered/Unsafe}}  |  {{:endangerment:green.png?nolink|Institutional}}  |  {{:endangerment:blue.png?nolink|vulnerable}}                    |  {{:endangerment:yellow.png?nolink|threatened}}  |
 ==== Linguistic aspects: =====
   * Classification: Indo-European → Italic. For more information, see [[http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/mira1251|mira1251]] at [[http://glottolog.org/|Glottolog]]
   * Script: Latin
+Listen to the language [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Uo-B9GaciQ#action=share|here]] and [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=2&v=-gnJtZFyzZA&feature=emb_logo|here]]
 ==== Language standardization ====
 A [[http://mirandadodouro.jfreguesia.com/images/stories/PDF/convencaomirandes.pdf|standardized ortography]] was created in 1999 in a joint effort by the Town Council of Miranda do Douro and the [[http://www.clul.ulisboa.pt/en/|CLUL (Center for Linguistics of the University of Lisbon)]]((Manuela Barros Ferreira and Domingos Raposo, //Convenção Ortográfica da Língua Mirandesa// (1999), Câmara Municipal de Miranda do Douro e Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, <http://mirandadodouro.jfreguesia.com/images/stories/PDF/convencaomirandes.pdf> [accessed 03 December 2017])).
@@ Line 50: / Line 51: @@
-Nowadays, Mirandese is taught in all years of study. However, it was only with the official recognition of the Mirandese language in 1999 that the instruction of Mirandese was regulated and extended to other schools, though still merely as an optional course ((Rosa Ramos, //Língua Mirandesa// (2013), <https://blog.lusofonias.net/?p=12251> [accessed 4 December 2017])). In Sendim, where one of the three dialects is spoken, the first courses of the Mirandese language for 5th and 6th graders started only in 2000 ((Amadeu Ferreira, //O Mínimo sobre a língua mirandesa// (2010), <http://studosmirandeses.blogs.sapo.pt/1294.html> [accessed 14 November 2017])) and the first courses for 7th to 9th graders only opened in 2002/2003, for preschoolers and 1st to 4th graders in 2004/2005, and only two years later for secondary school students ((Margarete Silva, //Língua mirandesa,
+Nowadays, Mirandese is taught in all years of study. However, it was only with the official recognition of the Mirandese language in 1999 that the instruction of Mirandese was regulated and extended to other schools, though still merely as an optional course ((Rosa Ramos, //Língua Mirandesa// (2013), <https://blog.lusofonias.net/?p=12251> [accessed 4 December 2017])). In Sendim, where one of the three dialects is spoken, the first courses of the Mirandese language for 5th and 6th graders started in 2000 ((Amadeu Ferreira, //O Mínimo sobre a língua mirandesa// (2010), <http://studosmirandeses.blogs.sapo.pt/1294.html> [accessed 14 November 2017])) and the first courses for 7th to 9th graders opened in 2002/2003, for preschoolers and 1st to 4th graders in 2004/2005, and two years later for secondary school students ((Margarete Silva, //Língua mirandesa,
 ou a revitalização de uma língua em vias de desaparecimento// (Master's thesis), (Vila Real: Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 2017), <http://repositorio.utad.pt/bitstream/10348/7255/1/msc_miasilva.pdf> [accessed 12 November 2017])).
@@ Line 66: / Line 67: @@
 In fact, this law only ratified what had already been approved in 1985 ((Paulo Feytor Pinto, 'Educação e diversidade linguística em Portugal', //Mediações – Revista OnLine da Escola Superior de Educação do Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal//, 5.1, (2017), 36-43.)).
-The Portuguese Constitution does not mention the Mirandese language. And Portugal has not signed the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages.
+The Portuguese Constitution does not mention the Mirandese language.
+Portugal has not signed the [[general_information:glossary_of_terms|European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]], because "no regional  or  minority  language  is  spoken  in their territory"((Berényi, J. (2010, October 21). //The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages//. Parliamentary Assembly Council of Europe [[https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/4d8b18322.pdf]].))
 ===== Institutional support for education of the language: =====
-Even though Mirandese has been taught in schools for 30 years teaching materials and training for teachers of Mirandese is scarce ((Amadeu Ferreira, //O Mínimo sobre a língua mirandesa// (2010), <http://studosmirandeses.blogs.sapo.pt/1294.html> [accessed 14 November 2017])). However, in more recents, a few steps have been taken to change this. On the 25th of September 2017 a protocol was signed a protocol between the municipality of Miranda do Douro, the Ministry of Education and the University of Coimbra to reinforce the pilot project aimed at teaching and learning the Mirandese language and culture and in this way improve the training of teachers of this language and ensure the possibility of continued teaching of this course in schools ((Rádio Brigantia, //Criada formação de professores de mirandês para garantir ensino da língua nas escolas// (2017), <http://www.brigantia.pt/noticia/criada-formacao-de-professores-de-mirandes-para-garantir-ensino-da-lingua-nas-escolas> [accessed 6 December 2017])).
+Even though Mirandese has been taught in schools for 30 years, teaching materials and training of Mirandese language teachers is scarce ((Amadeu Ferreira, //O Mínimo sobre a língua mirandesa// (2010), <http://studosmirandeses.blogs.sapo.pt/1294.html> [accessed 14 November 2017])). However, on the 25th of September 2017 a protocol was signed between the municipality of Miranda do Douro, the Ministry of Education and the University of Coimbra to reinforce the pilot project aimed at teaching and learning the Mirandese language and culture and in this way improve the training of teachers so that the continued teaching of this course in schools is ensured ((Rádio Brigantia, //Criada formação de professores de mirandês para garantir ensino da língua nas escolas// (2017), <http://www.brigantia.pt/noticia/criada-formacao-de-professores-de-mirandes-para-garantir-ensino-da-lingua-nas-escolas> [accessed 6 December 2017])).
 ==== Language learning materials: ====
-There are some books for children, frequently used as school books for the younger, resulting from the collection of Mirandese short stories that were transmitted orally,  by the author Duarte Martins, teacher of Mirandese in the School Group of Miranda do Douro, in collaboration with illustrators and designers ((Notícias ao Minuto, //Associação apresenta manuais escolares em língua mirandesa// (2016), <https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/pais/617106/associacao-apresenta-manuais-escolares-em-lingua-mirandesa> [accessed 6 December 2017])).
+There are children's books by the author Duarte Martins, teacher of Mirandese in the School Group of Miranda do Douro, in collaboration with illustrators and designers ((Notícias ao Minuto, //Associação apresenta manuais escolares em língua mirandesa// (2016), <https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/pais/617106/associacao-apresenta-manuais-escolares-em-lingua-mirandesa> [accessed 6 December 2017]))., frequently used as school books for the younger pupils, based on of a collection of orally transmitted Mirandese short stories.
 ===== Education presence =====
 __Enrollments in the Course of Mirandese Language and Culture in the School Group of Miranda do Douro__ ((Margarete Silva, //Língua mirandesa, ou a revitalização de uma língua em vias de desaparecimento// (Master's thesis), (Vila Real: Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 2017), <http://repositorio.utad.pt/bitstream/10348/7255/1/msc_miasilva.pdf> [accessed 12 November 2017]))
@@ Line 98: / Line 101: @@
 | 2015/2016  | 95         | 188                | 63                  | 78                 | 34                |
-As can be seen in these tables, Mirandese is taught in all years until university. It is still an optional, extra-curricular course, which could explain why in secondary school there are so few students enrolled in the course. It is only taught for an hour a week, and, in general, there is a lack of suitable materials, as well as a lack of support to train teachers ((Amadeu Ferreira, //O Mínimo sobre a língua mirandesa// (2010), <http://studosmirandeses.blogs.sapo.pt/1294.html> [accessed 14 November 2017])).
+As can be seen in these tables, Mirandese is taught in all years until university. It is still an optional, extra-curricular course, which could explain why in secondary school there are so few students enrolled in the course. It is only taught for an hour a week, and, in general, there is a lack of suitable materials, as well as a lack of support for teacher training ((Amadeu Ferreira, //O Mínimo sobre a língua mirandesa// (2010), <http://studosmirandeses.blogs.sapo.pt/1294.html> [accessed 14 November 2017])).
 There used to be a course of Mirandese at the University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, but it has unfortunately been abandoned ((Amadeu Ferreira, //O Mínimo sobre a língua mirandesa// (2010), <http://studosmirandeses.blogs.sapo.pt/1294.html> [accessed 14 November 2017])).