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languages:mirandes_in_portugal [2017/12/10 23:14] – [Institutional support for education of the language:] sara_pinholanguages:mirandes_in_portugal [2018/08/31 12:10] – [Speaker numbers] johanneke
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 ==== Language standardization ==== ==== Language standardization ====
-There is a [[http://mirandadodouro.jfreguesia.com/images/stories/PDF/convencaomirandes.pdf|standardized ortography]] created in 1999 in a joint effort by the Town Council of Miranda do Douro and the [[http://www.clul.ulisboa.pt/en/|CLUL (Center for Linguistics of the University of Lisbon)]]((Manuela Barros Ferreira and Domingos Raposo, //Convenção Ortográfica da Língua Mirandesa// (1999), Câmara Municipal de Miranda do Douro e Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, <http://mirandadodouro.jfreguesia.com/images/stories/PDF/convencaomirandes.pdf> [accessed 03 December 2017])). +A [[http://mirandadodouro.jfreguesia.com/images/stories/PDF/convencaomirandes.pdf|standardized ortography]] was created in 1999 in a joint effort by the Town Council of Miranda do Douro and the [[http://www.clul.ulisboa.pt/en/|CLUL (Center for Linguistics of the University of Lisbon)]]((Manuela Barros Ferreira and Domingos Raposo, //Convenção Ortográfica da Língua Mirandesa// (1999), Câmara Municipal de Miranda do Douro e Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, <http://mirandadodouro.jfreguesia.com/images/stories/PDF/convencaomirandes.pdf> [accessed 03 December 2017])). 
  
  
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 ==== Speaker numbers ==== ==== Speaker numbers ====
-Many cite 15.000 as the number of speakers of Mirandese; however, this is number is most likely too high, even though there is no certainty of how many speakers there really are. It is estimated that there should be around 5000 speakers in the region of Miranda do Douro, and, approximately, another 5000, maximum, of emigrants how still speak Mirandese. These numbers consider both fluent speakers, who speak Mirandese on a daily basis, and those who speak it infrequently or might even only have very basic knowledge of the language. If only the first group were to be counted, then these numbers would be quite lower ((Amadeu Ferreira, //O Mínimo sobre a língua mirandesa// (2010), <http://studosmirandeses.blogs.sapo.pt/1294.html> [accessed 14 November 2017])).+Many cite 15.000 as the number of speakers of Mirandese; however, this is number is most likely too high. It is estimated that there should be around 5000 speakers in the region of Miranda do Douro, and, approximately, another 5000, max, of emigrants who still speak Mirandese. These numbers include both fluent speakers, who speak Mirandese on a daily basis, and those who speak it infrequently and may have only very basic language skills.((Amadeu Ferreira, //O Mínimo sobre a língua mirandesa// (2010), <http://studosmirandeses.blogs.sapo.pt/1294.html> [accessed 14 November 2017])).
  
  
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 ===== Institutional support for education of the language: ===== ===== Institutional support for education of the language: =====
 Even though Mirandese has been taught in schools for 30 years teaching materials and training for teachers of Mirandese is scarce ((Amadeu Ferreira, //O Mínimo sobre a língua mirandesa// (2010), <http://studosmirandeses.blogs.sapo.pt/1294.html> [accessed 14 November 2017])). However, in more recents, a few steps have been taken to change this. On the 25th of September 2017 a protocol was signed a protocol between the municipality of Miranda do Douro, the Ministry of Education and the University of Coimbra to reinforce the pilot project aimed at teaching and learning the Mirandese language and culture and in this way improve the training of teachers of this language and ensure the possibility of continued teaching of this course in schools ((Rádio Brigantia, //Criada formação de professores de mirandês para garantir ensino da língua nas escolas// (2017), <http://www.brigantia.pt/noticia/criada-formacao-de-professores-de-mirandes-para-garantir-ensino-da-lingua-nas-escolas> [accessed 6 December 2017])).  Even though Mirandese has been taught in schools for 30 years teaching materials and training for teachers of Mirandese is scarce ((Amadeu Ferreira, //O Mínimo sobre a língua mirandesa// (2010), <http://studosmirandeses.blogs.sapo.pt/1294.html> [accessed 14 November 2017])). However, in more recents, a few steps have been taken to change this. On the 25th of September 2017 a protocol was signed a protocol between the municipality of Miranda do Douro, the Ministry of Education and the University of Coimbra to reinforce the pilot project aimed at teaching and learning the Mirandese language and culture and in this way improve the training of teachers of this language and ensure the possibility of continued teaching of this course in schools ((Rádio Brigantia, //Criada formação de professores de mirandês para garantir ensino da língua nas escolas// (2017), <http://www.brigantia.pt/noticia/criada-formacao-de-professores-de-mirandes-para-garantir-ensino-da-lingua-nas-escolas> [accessed 6 December 2017])). 
-Furthermore, there are some books for children, frequently used as school books for the younger, resulting from the collection of Mirandese short stories that were transmitted orally,  by the author Duarte Martins, teacher of Mirandese in the School Group of Miranda do Douro, in collaboration with illustrators and designers ((Notícias ao Minuto, //Associação apresenta manuais escolares em língua mirandesa// (2016), <https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/pais/617106/associacao-apresenta-manuais-escolares-em-lingua-mirandesa> [accessed 6 December 2017])). 
-==== Language learning materials: ==== 
  
 +==== Language learning materials: ====
 +There are some books for children, frequently used as school books for the younger, resulting from the collection of Mirandese short stories that were transmitted orally,  by the author Duarte Martins, teacher of Mirandese in the School Group of Miranda do Douro, in collaboration with illustrators and designers ((Notícias ao Minuto, //Associação apresenta manuais escolares em língua mirandesa// (2016), <https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/pais/617106/associacao-apresenta-manuais-escolares-em-lingua-mirandesa> [accessed 6 December 2017])).
 ===== Education presence ===== ===== Education presence =====
 __Enrollments in the Course of Mirandese Language and Culture in the School Group of Miranda do Douro__ ((Margarete Silva, //Língua mirandesa, ou a revitalização de uma língua em vias de desaparecimento// (Master's thesis), (Vila Real: Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 2017), <http://repositorio.utad.pt/bitstream/10348/7255/1/msc_miasilva.pdf> [accessed 12 November 2017])) __Enrollments in the Course of Mirandese Language and Culture in the School Group of Miranda do Douro__ ((Margarete Silva, //Língua mirandesa, ou a revitalização de uma língua em vias de desaparecimento// (Master's thesis), (Vila Real: Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 2017), <http://repositorio.utad.pt/bitstream/10348/7255/1/msc_miasilva.pdf> [accessed 12 November 2017]))
  
-1996/1997  +  
-^ Preschool ^ 1st to 4th grades ^ 5th and 6th grades ^ 7th to 9th grades ^ Secondary school ^ +^ Year       ^ Preschool  ^ 1st to 4th grades  ^ 5th and 6th grades  ^ 7th to 9th grades  ^ Secondary school  ^ 
-| 0         | 0                 | 37                 | -                 | -                | +| 1996/1997  | 0          | 0                  | 37                  | -                  | -                 | 
-1997/1998  +| 1997/1998  | 0          | 0                  | 26                  | -                  | -                 | 
-^ Preschool ^ 1st to 4th grades ^ 5th and 6th grades ^ 7th to 9th grades ^ Secondary school ^ +| 1998/1999  | 0          | 0                  | (Not available)     | -                  | -                 | 
-| 0         | 0                 | 26                 | -                 | -                | +| 1999/2000  | 0          | 0                  | 55                  | -                  | -                 | 
-1998/1999 +| 2000/2001  | 0          | 0                  | 36                  | -                  | -                 | 
-^ Preschool ^ 1st to 4th grades ^ 5th and 6th grades ^ 7th to 9th grades ^ Secondary school ^ +| 2001/2002  | 0          | 0                  | 20                  | -                  | -                 | 
-| 0         | 0                 |                    | -                 | -                | +| 2002/2003  | 0          | 0                  | 31                  | 55                 | 0                 | 
-1999/2000 +| 2003/2004  | 0          | 0                  | 29                  | 51                 | 0                 | 
-^ Preschool ^ 1st to 4th grades ^ 5th and 6th grades ^ 7th to 9th grades ^ Secondary school ^ +| 2004/2005  | 55         | 101                | 33                  | 55                 | 0                 | 
-| 0         | 0                 | 55                 | -                 | -                | +| 2005/2006  | 25         | 56                 | 41                  | 43                 | 0                 | 
-2000/2001 +| 2006/2007  | 61         | 148                | 27                  | 59                 | 28                | 
-^ Preschool ^ 1st to 4th grades ^ 5th and 6th grades ^ 7th to 9th grades ^ Secondary school ^ +| 2007/2008  | 70         | 130                | 47                  | 55                 | 22                | 
-| 0         | 0                 | 36                 | -                 | -                | +| 2008/2009  | 71         | 120                | 38                  | 57                 | 39                | 
-2001/2002 +| 2009/2010  | 75         | 122                | 33                  | 49                 | 27                | 
-^ Preschool ^ 1st to 4th grades ^ 5th and 6th grades ^ 7th to 9th grades ^ Secondary school ^ +| 2010/2011  | 80         | 180                | 60                  | 80                 | 18                | 
-| 0         | 0                 | 20                 | -                 | -                | +| 2011/2012  | 121        | 170                | 72                  | 62                 | 10                | 
-2002/2003 +| 2012/2013  | 132        | 183                | 69                  | 88                 | 25                | 
-^ Preschool ^ 1st to 4th grades ^ 5th and 6th grades ^ 7th to 9th grades ^ Secondary school ^ +| 2013/3014  | 114        | 179                | 59                  | 95                 | 25                | 
-| 0         | 0                 | 31                 | 55                | 0                | +| 2014/2015  | 85         | 182                | 60                  | 77                 | 25                | 
-2003/2004 +| 2015/2016  | 95         | 188                | 63                  | 78                 | 34                |
-^ Preschool ^ 1st to 4th grades ^ 5th and 6th grades ^ 7th to 9th grades ^ Secondary school ^ +
-| 0         | 0                 | 29                 | 51                | 0                | +
-2004/2005 +
-^ Preschool ^ 1st to 4th grades ^ 5th and 6th grades ^ 7th to 9th grades ^ Secondary school ^ +
-| 55        | 101               | 33                 | 55                | 0                | +
-2005/2006 +
-^ Preschool ^ 1st to 4th grades ^ 5th and 6th grades ^ 7th to 9th grades ^ Secondary school ^ +
-| 25        | 56                | 41                 | 43                | 0                | +
-2006/2007 +
-^ Preschool ^ 1st to 4th grades ^ 5th and 6th grades ^ 7th to 9th grades ^ Secondary school ^ +
-| 61        | 148               | 27                 | 59                | 28               | +
-2007/2008 +
-^ Preschool ^ 1st to 4th grades ^ 5th and 6th grades ^ 7th to 9th grades ^ Secondary school ^ +
-| 70        | 130               | 47                 | 55                | 22               | +
-2008/2009 +
-^ Preschool ^ 1st to 4th grades ^ 5th and 6th grades ^ 7th to 9th grades ^ Secondary school ^ +
-| 71        | 120               | 38                 | 57                | 39               | +
-2009/2010 +
-^ Preschool ^ 1st to 4th grades ^ 5th and 6th grades ^ 7th to 9th grades ^ Secondary school ^ +
-| 75        | 122               | 33                 | 49                | 27               | +
-2010/2011 +
-^ Preschool ^ 1st to 4th grades ^ 5th and 6th grades ^ 7th to 9th grades ^ Secondary school ^ +
-| 80        | 180               | 60                 | 80                | 18               | +
-2011/2012 +
-^ Preschool ^ 1st to 4th grades ^ 5th and 6th grades ^ 7th to 9th grades ^ Secondary school ^ +
-| 121       | 170               | 72                 | 62                | 10               | +
-2012/2013 +
-^ Preschool ^ 1st to 4th grades ^ 5th and 6th grades ^ 7th to 9th grades ^ Secondary school ^ +
-| 132       | 183               | 69                 | 88                | 25               | +
-2013/3014 +
-^ Preschool ^ 1st to 4th grades ^ 5th and 6th grades ^ 7th to 9th grades ^ Secondary school ^ +
-| 114       | 179               | 59                 | 95                | 25               | +
-2014/2015 +
-^ Preschool ^ 1st to 4th grades ^ 5th and 6th grades ^ 7th to 9th grades ^ Secondary school ^ +
-| 85        | 182               | 60                 | 77                | 25               | +
-2015/2016 +
-^ Preschool ^ 1st to 4th grades ^ 5th and 6th grades ^ 7th to 9th grades ^ Secondary school ^ +
-| 95        | 188               | 63                 | 78                | 34               |+
  
 As can be seen in these tables, Mirandese is taught in all years until university. It is still an optional, extra-curricular course, which could explain why in secondary school there are so few students enrolled in the course. It is only taught for an hour a week, and, in general, there is a lack of suitable materials, as well as a lack of support to train teachers ((Amadeu Ferreira, //O Mínimo sobre a língua mirandesa// (2010), <http://studosmirandeses.blogs.sapo.pt/1294.html> [accessed 14 November 2017])).   As can be seen in these tables, Mirandese is taught in all years until university. It is still an optional, extra-curricular course, which could explain why in secondary school there are so few students enrolled in the course. It is only taught for an hour a week, and, in general, there is a lack of suitable materials, as well as a lack of support to train teachers ((Amadeu Ferreira, //O Mínimo sobre a língua mirandesa// (2010), <http://studosmirandeses.blogs.sapo.pt/1294.html> [accessed 14 November 2017])).  
languages/mirandes_in_portugal.txt · Last modified: 2020/10/05 10:25 by ydwine
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