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--- languages:lombard_in_italy [2020/03/03 13:12] – [Legislation of language education] ydwine
+++ languages:lombard_in_italy [2025/06/18 10:24] (current) – [Language vitality according to:] ydwine
@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 ==== Language vitality according to: ====
-^ [[http://www.unesco.org/languages-atlas/|UNESCO]] ^ [[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/fry/|Ethnologue]] ^ [[http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/10425|Endangered Languages]] ^
+^ [[https://en.wal.unesco.org/languages/lombard|UNESCO]] ^ [[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/lmo/|Ethnologue]] ^ [[http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/|Endangered Languages]] ^  [[https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/lomb1257|Glottolog]]  ^
-| {{ :endangerment:orange.png?nolink |Definitely Endangered}} | //{{ :endangerment:yellow.png?nolink |6a (Vigorous)}}//  |  n.a.  |
+|  {{:endangerment:orange.png?nolink|Definitely Endangered}}  |  {{:endangerment:blue.png?nolink|Stable}}  |  n/a  |  {{:endangerment:green.png?nolink|not endangered}}  |
+<sup> Click [[manual:colour_codes|here]] for a full overview of the language vitality colour codes. </sup>
 ==== Linguistic aspects: =====
   * Classification: //Indo-European// → //Gallo-Italian//. For more information, see [[http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/lomb1257|language resource at Glottolog]]
   * Script: //Latin/Roman script//
+Listen to the language [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nb0L5YeFCmU|here]] (Milanese variety).
 ==== Language standardization ====
@@ Line 62: / Line 65: @@
 In October 2016, Lombard received regional recognition within the region of Lombardia with Legge Regionale, oct 2016, n5., the [[http://normelombardia.consiglio.regione.lombardia.it/NormeLombardia/Accessibile/main.aspx?exp_coll=lr002016100700025&view=showdoc&iddoc=lr002016100700025&selnode=lr002016100700025|Politiche regionali in materia culturale - Riordino normativo]].
-There, measurements are taken for the promotion and safeguarding of the Lombard language, such as:
+There, broad measurements are taken for the promotion and safeguarding of the Lombard language, such as:
 Article 1
@@ Line 74: / Line 77: @@
-===== Bodies controlling enforcement of educational laws: =====
+===== Support structure for education on the language =====
-According to a case study on Western Lombard, which is spoken by at least 2 Mio people - which is almost as many speakers as in the case of all the recognised minority languages of Italy put together - language planning, including the use of Western Lombard in education is carried out only by a number of uncoordinated initiatives by private bodies and institutions((Coluzzi, Paolo. "Minority language planning and micronationalism in Italy: The cases of Lombardy and Friuli." Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 27.6 (2006): 457-471.)). The most prominent one is the [[http://www.filologico.it/|Circolo Filologico Milanese]].
+According to a case study on Western Lombard, language planning - including the use of Western Lombard in education - is carried out by a number of uncoordinated initiatives by private bodies and institutions, which are centred around the Milanese variety((Coluzzi, Paolo. "Minority language planning and micronationalism in Italy: The cases of Lombardy and Friuli." Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 27.6 (2006): 457-471.)). The most prominent one is the [[http://www.filologico.it/|Circolo Filologico Milanese]], which offers courses of 25 lessons on the grammar, luterature, translations, converstaions, proverbs and visits to artistic cultural places ((Circolo Filologico Milanese. //Milanese//. (n.d.) Retrieved from: [[https://filologico.it/attivita_culturale/impariamo-e-divulghiamo-il-milanese-19/]].)).
+.
 ===== Education in practice =====
-Bilingual education in Lombard and Italian has only been present in full-time education in a few experimental trials. In higher education, Lombard is virtually absent((Coluzzi, Paolo. "Minority language planning and micronationalism in Italy: The cases of Lombardy and Friuli." Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 27.6 (2006): 457-471.)).
+Bilingual education in Lombard and Italian has only been present in full-time education in a few experimental trials, with the focus on the Milanese variety. In higher education, Lombard is virtually absent((Coluzzi, Paolo. "Minority language planning and micronationalism in Italy: The cases of Lombardy and Friuli." Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 27.6 (2006): 457-471.)).
 ===== Learning resources and educational institutions =====
-There is no evidence of institutions that provide language education, teacher training, or any initiative to develop learning materials.
+  * [[http://www.lengualombarda.org/434755821|FAR LOMBARD associazion per la lengua lombarda]], an organisation for the Lombard Language with 15 lessons (with video) on the language, and an online accessable collection of Lombard books, music and videos.
+  * [[https://www.mylanguageexchange.com/Learn/Lombard.asp|Learn to Speak Lombard]] makes an effort to bring together students of Lombard with native Lombard speakers. This exchange is not only limited to the linguistic aspects of Lombard but furthermore recognizes its distinct culture.
-As mentioned above, the promotion of the Lombard language is mainly carried out by private actors. Websites such as [[https://www.mylanguageexchange.com/Learn/Lombard.asp|Learn to Speak Lombard]] make an effort to bring together students of Lombard with native Lombard speakers. This exchange is not only limited to the linguistic aspects of Lombard but furthermore recognizes its distinct culture.
+  * [[http://inlombard.eu5.net/scriver_lmo.html|Concise description of Lombard spelling]]
+  * [[http://dizionarilombard.eu5.net/|Online dictionary]] Italian-Lombard
-Projects like the [[http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/|Endangered Languages Project]] still fail to include Lombard in their database.
+  * [[https://www.dropbox.com/s/bstqnzbnvji4oep/La%20Lengua%20Lombarda%20-%20Lezion%201.pdf?dl=0|short lesson]] on common phrases
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