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--- languages:kashub_in_poland [2020/02/11 08:52] – [Kashub in Poland] ydwine
+++ languages:kashub_in_poland [2024/10/16 11:43] (current) – [Language vitality according to:] ydwine
@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 ==== Language vitality according to: ====
-^ [[http://www.unesco.org/languages-atlas/|UNESCO]]          ^ [[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/fry/|Ethnologue]]  ^ [[http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/10425|Endangered Languages]]  ^
+^  [[https://en.wal.unesco.org/countries/poland/languages/kashubian|UNESCO]]  ^ [[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/csb/|Ethnologue]]  ^ [[http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/3453|Endangered Languages]]  ^  [[https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/kash1274|Glottolog]]  ^
-| {{ :endangerment:orange.png?nolink |Severely Endangered}}  | {{ :endangerment:red.png?nolink |Moribund }}             | {{ :endangerment:orange.png?nolink |Vulnerable}}                        |
+|  {{:endangerment:blue.png?nolink|Potentially vulnerable}}  |  {{:endangerment:orange.png?nolink|Endangered}}  |  {{:endangerment:blue.png?nolink|Vulnerable}}  |  {{:endangerment:yellow.png?nolink|Threatened}}  |
 ==== Linguistic aspects: ====
@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 ==== Language standardization ====
-Agreement on a unified spelling system for literary Kashubian was reached in 1996 (([[http://www.mercator-research.eu/fileadmin/mercator/dossiers_pdf/kashubian_in_poland.pdf|Mercator Regional Dossier: //Kashubian in Poland//, 2004]]))
+Agreement on a unified spelling system for literary Kashubian was reached in 1996 ((Mercator European Research Centre (2004). Kashubian - The Kashubian language in education in Poland. Mercator European Research Centre. [[https://www.mercator-research.eu/fileadmin/mercator/documents/regional_dossiers/kashubian_in_poland.pdf]])).
+=== quote on linguistic distance to the standardized form ===
+//"I started to learn Kashubian at school and then I decided to take the Kashubian final exam. I said to my mum: 'You have to speak Kashubian with me now'. And we started to speak Kashubian. But once my mum said to me that I spoke a different Kashubian and that it would be better for me not to hear her uneducated language. And she refused to speak Kashubian with me".//((Excerpt from Nicole Dolowy-Wybinska, ‘Young Kashubs and Language Policy: Between Officialisation and Community’, in Policy and Planning for Endangered Languages, by Mari C. Jones (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015)
+))
 ===== Language Area =====
-Kashub is a West Slavic language spoken in Northern Poland in the province of Pomerania (województwo pomorskie). Below are shown Kashub speaker percentages in the province Województwo Pomorskie ((By courtesy of Jacek Jan Pawlowski))
+Kashubian is a West Slavic language spoken in Northern Poland in the province of Pomerania (województwo pomorskie). Below are shown Kashubian speaker percentages in the province Województwo Pomorskie ((By courtesy of Jacek Jan Pawlowski))
 {{url>https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=1ob5bXsF4VoYfiKDq6U-tHUSqmdY 500px,400px noborder left|Area where Kashub is spoken}}
 ==== Demographics ====
-  * The 2011 census states that 108.000 people used Kashub at home (([[http://stat.gov.pl/files/gfx/portalinformacyjny/en/defaultaktualnosci/3328/3/8/1/demographic_yearbook_2014.pdf|Demographic Yearbook of Poland 2014]]))
+  * The 2011 census states that 108.000 people used Kashubian at home (([[http://stat.gov.pl/files/gfx/portalinformacyjny/en/defaultaktualnosci/3328/3/8/1/demographic_yearbook_2014.pdf|Demographic Yearbook of Poland 2014]]))
@@ Line 37: / Line 42: @@
 ===== European legislation: =====
-  * Kashub is covered under [[general_information:glossary_of_terms#Part III of the European Charter for Regional and Minority languages|Part III]] of the Charter
+  * Kashubian is covered under [[general_information:glossary_of_terms#Part III of the European Charter for Regional and Minority languages|Part III]] of the Charter
-  * [[https://rm.coe.int/CoERMPublicCommonSearchServices/DisplayDCTMContent?documentId=09000016804a7cb0|Download]] the latest Council of Europe report (2011) about the application of the Regional Charter for Minority Languages in Poland.
+  * [[https://rm.coe.int/polandpr3-en-docx/1680981491|Download]] the latest Council of Europe report (2019) about the application of the Regional Charter for Minority Languages in Poland.
 ===== National legislation: ======
-Poland's [[http://www.usefoundation.org/view/479|Act on National and Ethnic Minorities and the Regional Language (2005)]] states that:
-  * Kashub is the only //regional language// of Poland;
-  * the national government should provide Kashub education and promotion with some financial support.
-  * Kashub may be used to some extent in official communication in those municipalities, where Kashub is a so-called //auxiliary language//. For more details, see the [[http://www.usefoundation.org/view/479|act itself]].
-=== Quote from a Kashub speaker: ====
+The //Law  on  the  system  of  educatio// of  1991 gives pupils the right to maintain their national, ethnic, religious and  linguistic  identity. Classes in/on their mother tongue, history and culture are allowed((Mercator European Research Centre (2004). Kashubian - The Kashubian language in education in Poland. Mercator European Research Centre. [[https://www.mercator-research.eu/fileadmin/mercator/documents/regional_dossiers/kashubian_in_poland.pdf]])).
+The //Decree of the Minister of National Education and Sports on conditions and methods for enabling pupils belonging to national minorities and ethnic groups to maintain their national, ethnic and linguistic identity// of 2002((Mercator European Research Centre (2004). Kashubian - The Kashubian language in education in Poland. Mercator European Research Centre. [[https://www.mercator-research.eu/fileadmin/mercator/documents/regional_dossiers/kashubian_in_poland.pdf]])).
+Poland's [[http://ksng.gugik.gov.pl/english/files/act_on_national_minorities.pdf|Act on National and Ethnic Minorities and the Regional Language (2005)]] states that:
+  * Kashubian is the only //regional language// of Poland;
+  * the national government should provide Kashubian education and promotion with some financial support.
+  * Kashubian may be used to some extent in official communication in those municipalities, where Kashubian is a so-called //auxiliary language//. For more details, see the [[http://ksng.gugik.gov.pl/english/files/act_on_national_minorities.pdf|act itself]].
+=== Quote from a Kashubian speaker: ====
 //"Because this language is important to us, we are thrilled that it is so far Poland's only regional language; it gives us many benefits but it also makes us more proud of it. Because a dialect is not the same. A regional language is something more important, something we can be proud of and it can spur us into further action".//((Excerpt from Nicole Dolowy-Wybinska, ‘Young Kashubs and Language Policy: Between Officialisation and Community’, in Policy and Planning for Endangered Languages, by Mari C. Jones (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015)
 ))
@@ Line 54: / Line 64: @@
 ====== Education in practice ======
-===== Linguistic distance to the standardized form =====
-//"I started to learn Kashubian at school and then I decided to take the Kashubian final exam. I said to my mum: 'You have to speak Kashubian with me now'. And we started to speak Kashubian. But once my mum said to me that I spoke a different Kashubian and that it would be better for me not to hear her uneducated language. And she refused to speak Kashubian with me".//((Excerpt from Nicole Dolowy-Wybinska, ‘Young Kashubs and Language Policy: Between Officialisation and Community’, in Policy and Planning for Endangered Languages, by Mari C. Jones (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015)
-))
+Primary schools offering Kashubian classes in 2003/2004((Mercator European Research Centre (2004). Kashubian - The Kashubian language in education in Poland. Mercator European Research Centre. [[https://www.mercator-research.eu/fileadmin/mercator/documents/regional_dossiers/kashubian_in_poland.pdf]])).
-----
+|//Subject// | //Number of schools// |// Hours per week// |// Number of children// |
+|Kashubian language | 1 | 4 | total: 2,951 |
+| |31 | 3 | |
+| | 18| 2| |
+| |2| 1| |
+|Kashubian language and regional culture| 3 | 3| total: 358|
+| | 2 | 2 | |
+| | 1 | 1 | |
+|Regional education with elements of Kashubian language | 4 | 3 | total: 1,358|
+| | 5 | 2 | |
+| | 4 | 1 | |
+Lower secondary schools offering Kashubian classes in 2003/2004((Mercator European Research Centre (2004). Kashubian - The Kashubian language in education in Poland. Mercator European Research Centre. [[https://www.mercator-research.eu/fileadmin/mercator/documents/regional_dossiers/kashubian_in_poland.pdf]])).
+|//Subject// | //Number of schools// |// Hours per week// |// Number of children// |
+| Kashubian language | 5 | 3 | total: 179 |
+| | 1 | 2 | |
+| | 1 | 1 | |
+|Kashubian language and regional culture | 3 | 2 | total:159 |
+|Regional education with elements of Kashubian language | 2 | 2 | total: 108 |
+| | 2 | 1 | |
 ====== Learning resources and educational institutions ======
+  * [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/kashubian.htm|Omniglot]] with phrases and numbers
+  * [[http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/3454/guide|Endangered Languages]] videos
+  * [[https://baltoslav.eu/hulnia/csb.php?mova=en|Kashubian words in pictures]], a game
+  * [[https://literat.ug.edu.pl/remus/0100.htm|dictionary]] (Kashubian-Polish)
 ----
 ====== Mercator's Regional Dossier ======
-[[http://www.mercator-research.eu/fileadmin/mercator/dossiers_pdf/kashubian_in_poland.pdf|{{:images:dossier.png?nolink|}}]][[https://www.mercator-research.eu/fileadmin/mercator/documents/regional_dossiers/kashubian_in_poland.pdf|Read more]] about Kashubian language education in Mercator's Regional Dossier (2014).
+[[http://www.mercator-research.eu/fileadmin/mercator/dossiers_pdf/kashubian_in_poland.pdf|{{:images:dossier.png?nolink|}}]][[https://www.mercator-research.eu/fileadmin/mercator/documents/regional_dossiers/kashubian_in_poland.pdf|Read more]] about Kashubian language education in Mercator's Regional Dossier (2004).