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--- languages:kalmyk_in_russia [2020/03/18 14:45] – [Legislation of the Russian Federation:] ydwine
+++ languages:kalmyk_in_russia [2020/03/18 15:17] – [History of language education:] ydwine
@@ Line 38: / Line 38: @@
 ===== History of language education: =====
-At the beginning of the 20th century, the Kalmyks used only the Kalmyk language. After the //October Revolution// Kalmyk-Medium schools were opened. The Kalmyks gained access to education and quickly became bilingual (Kalmyk and Russian). Deportation to Siberia in 1943 under Stalin reduced the Kalmyk population by one fifth or half (depending on the source), and among the deported, (who came from all over Russia), Russian was the language of communication. The Kalmyks were allowed to return in 1957. In the 1960's and 70's drastic cuts were made to native-language-education, and native-language use was discouraged. The last national Kalmyk-medium school was closed in 1963. In the 1980's, with the beginning of the //Perestroika//, things started to look better again, and in 1991 the law //On Languages in the Kalmyk Soviet Socialist Republic// (No. 137-IX) was adopted, which states that both Russian and Kalmyk are languages of the state in Kalmykia.((Kornusova, B. (2006). Developing Language Teaching Strategies: the Kalmyk Experience. In D. Ó Riagáin (Ed.), Voces diversae: lesser-used language education in Europe. Belfast: Cló Ollscoil na Banríona.))
+At the beginning of the 20th century, the Kalmyks used only the Kalmyk language. After the //October Revolution// Kalmyk-Medium schools were opened. The Kalmyks gained access to education and quickly became bilingual (Kalmyk and Russian). Deportation to Siberia in 1943 under Stalin reduced the Kalmyk population by one fifth or half (depending on the source), and among the deported, (who came from all over Russia), Russian was the language of communication. The Kalmyks were allowed to return in 1957, but the deportation had caused a significant loss in the Kalmyk language use((Chetryrova, L.(2001). Educational Policy Towards Minorities in Russia: History and Modernity: the case of the Kalmyk Education. In: //Ethnicity and Race: Creating Educational Opportunities Around the Globe
+International Advances in Education: Global Initiatives for Equity and Social Justice//. Brown,E. L., and Gibbons, P. E. (Ed.). Information Age Publishing (pp. 3-25).)). In the 1960's and 70's drastic cuts were made to native-language-education, and native-language use was discouraged. The last national Kalmyk-medium school was closed in 1963. In the 1980's, with the beginning of the //Perestroika//, things started to look better again, and in 1991 the law //On Languages in the Kalmyk Soviet Socialist Republic// (No. 137-IX) was adopted, which states that both Russian and Kalmyk are languages of the state in Kalmykia.((Kornusova, B. (2006). Developing Language Teaching Strategies: the Kalmyk Experience. In D. Ó Riagáin (Ed.), Voces diversae: lesser-used language education in Europe. Belfast: Cló Ollscoil na Banríona.))
 ===== Legislation of the Russian Federation: =====