Differences

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--- languages:frisian_in_the_netherlands [2020/03/23 14:01] – [Educational material for secondary education] ydwine
+++ languages:frisian_in_the_netherlands [2020/08/18 12:02] – [Language standardization:] ydwine
@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
 ==== Language standardization: =====
-Frisian has a [[general_information:glossary_of_terms#Standardized orthography:|standardized orthography]], regulated by the [[https://www.fryske-akademy.nl/|Fryske Akademy]]
+Frisian has a [[general_information:glossary_of_terms#Standardized orthography:|standardized orthography]], which is under authority of the Province of Fryslân since 1969. The Province commissions the [[https://www.fryske-akademy.nl/|Fryske Akademy]] to develop and describe the standardized orthography. \\
+=== Historical development ===
+There have been various formulations of standardized orthography:((Hoekstra, E. (2003). //Frisian: Standardization in progress of a language in decay.// Fryske Akademy. [[https://pure.knaw.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/460646/108Stannert.pdf]].))((Oppewal, T., Gezelle-Meerburg, B. Krol, J., Steenmeijer-Wielinga, T., Vries. O., Breuker, P., Wind, H., Veenbaas, J., Oldenhof, B., Van der Weg, J.(2006). //Zolang de wind van de wolken waait: Geschiedenis van de Friese literatuur.// Uitgeverij Bert Bakker.))
+** Old-Frisian (c. 1200-1550)**
+  * Old Frisian shows shared norms and spelling, though no grammars or dictionaries codified these.
+**Mid-Frisian (1550-1800)**
+  * Gysbert Japicx (1603–1666) was a Frisian author who formed his own orthagraphy. His writing influenced future orthographies.
+**Modern-Frisian (1800-now)**
+  * Brothers Joast Hiddes Halbertsma (1789-1869) and Eeltsje Hiddes Halbertsma (1797-1858) published in Frisian and in doing so, formed a orthography close to the vernacular (similar to the orthography of Gysbert Japicx).
+  * Harmen Sytstra (1817-1862) developed the //Iduna-stavering//, based on Old-Frisian.
+  * In 1879, a broadly adopted standerd was set by the //Selscip  foar  Frysce  Taal  in  Skriftekennise// (Society for Frisian Language and Literature), which adopted an standard orthography (similar to the orthography of the Halbertsma brothers).
+  * Waling Dykstra (1821–1914) compiled the first completed Frisian dictionaries (1900,  1903,  1911).
+  * In 1945, the //Fryske Akademy// develops a standardized orthography.
+  * In 1980, the Province of Fryslân adopts a new standardized orthography, also developed and described by the //Fryske Akademy//.
+  * In 2015, the most recent standardized orthography was ratified by the Province of Fryslan. This, like most changes and regulations of a standardized orthography, generated a good deal of discussion.((Hoekstra, E. (2003). //Frisian: Standardization in progress of a language in decay.// Fryske Akademy. [[https://pure.knaw.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/460646/108Stannert.pdf]].))((Wolf, H. (October 13, 2014). //Argyf Standertwurdlist/oanpassing Steatestavering//. Henk Wolf. [[https://www.henkwolf.nl/wp-content/uploads/staveringswiziging_argyf.pdf]].))