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--- languages:flemish_sign_language_in_belgium [2018/08/24 16:59] – external edit 127.0.0.1
+++ languages:flemish_sign_language_in_belgium [2020/03/23 08:59] – [International Legislation] ydwine
@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
   * [[general_information:glossary_of_terms#ISO 639-3|ISO 639-3]] standard: vgt
 ==== Language vitality according to: ====
-^ [[http://www.unesco.org/languages-atlas/|UNESCO]] ^ [[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/fry/|Ethnologue]] ^ [[http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/10425|Endangered Languages]] ^
+^ [[http://www.unesco.org/languages-atlas/|UNESCO]] ^ [[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/vgt|Ethnologue]] ^ [[http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/7356|Endangered Languages]] ^
-| - | {{:endangerment:blue.png?direct|}}  | {{:endangerment:yellow.png?direct|}} |
+| - |  {{:endangerment:blue.png?direct|Developing}}  |  {{:endangerment:yellow.png?direct|Threatened}}  |
 ==== Linguistic aspects: =====
   * Classification: Sign Language → French Sign Language family. For more information, see [[http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/vlaa1235|vlaa1235]] at [[http://glottolog.org/|Glottolog]]
@@ Line 18: / Line 18: @@
 ==== Language standardisation ====
-Since there is no script, there is no standardised orthography. However, in 1979, the Federation of Flemish Deaf Organisations (Fevlado) decided to develop 'unified' signs and established a sign committee with deaf signers from different regions. They met monthly for 15 years to select standard 'unified' signs for Dutch words ((Van Herreweghe, M., De Meulder, M., Vermeerbergen, M. (2015). From Erasure to Recognition (and Back Again?): The Case of Flemish Sign Language. In M. Marschark & P.E. Spencer (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Deaf Studies in Language)).
+Since there is no script, there is no standardised orthography. However, in 1979, the Federation of Flemish Deaf Organisations ( Fevlado, which is renamed Doof Vlaanderen since October 2017) decided to develop 'unified' signs and established a sign committee with deaf signers from different regions. They met monthly for 15 years to select standard 'unified' signs for Dutch words ((Van Herreweghe, M., De Meulder, M., Vermeerbergen, M. (2015). From Erasure to Recognition (and Back Again?): The Case of Flemish Sign Language. In M. Marschark & P.E. Spencer (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Deaf Studies in Language)).
@@ Line 47: / Line 47: @@
 ==== International Legislation ====
-Flemish Sign Language is not protected by the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, since it was (and still is) thought that sign languages are artificial instead of natural languages, that they don't have a long historical background and aren't different from the official language of the state. The Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities is the first international human rights convention that explicitly considers sign languages to be languages ((De Meulder, M. (2016). Artikel 24 van het VN Verdrag inzake de Rechten van Personen met een Handicap en dove gebarentaligen: naar een nieuwe interpretatie van het begrip 'inclusief onderwijs'. In G. Van Hoven, A. Schippers, M. Cardol & E. De Schauwer (Eds.), Disability Studies in de Lage Landen. Antwerpen: Garant Uitgeverij.)).
+===EU Resolutions===
+On June 17, 1988, the European Parliament signed the [[http://www.policy.hu/flora/ressign2.htm|Resolution on Sign Languages 1988]] and the [[https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A51998IP0985|Resolution on Sign Languages 1998]] ten years later which both called for the recognition, improvement and support of sign languages.
+===European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages===
+Flemish Sign Language is not protected by the [[general_information:glossary_of_terms#European Charter for Regional and Minority languages|European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]] (1992), as Belgium has not [[general_information:glossary_of_terms#Signature of a treaty|signed]] nor [[general_information:glossary_of_terms#Ratification of a treaty|ratified]] the Charter.
+=== UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities ===
+The [[https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/convention-on-the-rights-of-persons-with-disabilities.html|Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities]] (2006) is the first international human rights convention that explicitly considers sign languages to be languages (Article 21)((De Meulder, M. (2016). Artikel 24 van het VN Verdrag inzake de Rechten van Personen met een Handicap en dove gebarentaligen: naar een nieuwe interpretatie van het begrip 'inclusief onderwijs'. In G. Van Hoven, A. Schippers, M. Cardol & E. De Schauwer (Eds.), Disability Studies in de Lage Landen. Antwerpen: Garant Uitgeverij.)). This Convention is [[general_information:glossary_of_terms#Signature of a treaty|signed]] (2007) and [[general_information:glossary_of_terms#Ratification of a treaty|ratified]] (2009) by Belgium ((United Nations. // Chapter IV Human Rights.// Retrieved March 23, 2020 from [[https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-15&chapter=4&clang=_en]].))
 ==== National/Regional Legislation ====
@@ Line 63: / Line 73: @@
 Belgium has the most segregated education system in Europe. However, in 2014 the M-decree stated that special education continues to exist, but that inclusive education is the first option. This decree came into force in the schoolyear of 2015.
 Regarding VGT interpreters in education, in 2013 the right of students in primary, secondary, higher and adult education to have a VGT interpreter for 70% of class hours was established in the decree on Education (Onderwijsdecreet ODXXIII). Since the schoolyear of 2015, this right has increased to 100% of class hours ((De Meulder, M. (2016). Artikel 24 van het VN Verdrag inzake de Rechten van Personen met een Handicap en dove gebarentaligen: naar een nieuwe interpretatie van het begrip 'inclusief onderwijs'. In G. Van Hoven, A. Schippers, M. Cardol & E. De Schauwer (Eds.), Disability Studies in de Lage Landen. Antwerpen: Garant Uitgeverij.)).
-===== Institutional support for education of the language: =====
+===== Support structure for education of the language: =====
 ==== Learning Materials ====
@@ Line 86: / Line 96: @@
   * In 2012, the Flemish Education Council (Vlaamse Onderwijsraad, VLOR) set up the study group 'Children with auditory disabilities'. The report recognises the value of VGT, but VLOR doesn't advocate bilingual education ((De Meulder, M. (2016). Artikel 24 van het VN Verdrag inzake de Rechten van Personen met een Handicap en dove gebarentaligen: naar een nieuwe interpretatie van het begrip 'inclusief onderwijs'. In G. Van Hoven, A. Schippers, M. Cardol & E. De Schauwer (Eds.), Disability Studies in de Lage Landen. Antwerpen: Garant Uitgeverij.)).
-===== Education presence =====
+===== Education in practice=====
 ==== Primary and Secondary Education ====
@@ Line 124: / Line 134: @@
 ===== Other learning resources =====
-An [[http://gebaren.ugent.be/|internet dictionary]] for VGT-Dutch/Dutch-VGT is freely accessible online since 2004.
+An [[https://woordenboek.vlaamsegebarentaal.be//|internet dictionary]] for VGT-Dutch/Dutch-VGT is freely accessible online since 2004.
 From 2012 onward, the daily news broadcast for children and the main Flemish news broadcast are interpreted into VGT ((Van Herreweghe, M., De Meulder, M., Vermeerbergen, M. (2015). From Erasure to Recognition (and Back Again?): The Case of Flemish Sign Language. In M. Marschark & P.E. Spencer (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Deaf Studies in Language)).
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