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--- languages:extremaduran_in_spain [2019/09/11 11:45] – [Mercator's Regional Dossier:] johanneke
+++ languages:extremaduran_in_spain [2024/11/05 10:20] (current) – [Language area] ydwine
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ====== Extremaduran in Spain ======
-==== Language designations: ====
+===== Language =====
-  * In the language itself: //language name//
+==== Language designations ====
-  * [[general_information:glossary_of_terms#ISO 639-3|ISO 639-3]] standard: ext
+  * In the language itself: //Estremeñu/////Ehtremeñu//, //Castúo//, //Barranquênhu//((OSCEC. (n.d.). //CELROM - Informe sobre la lengua extremeña.// OSCEC. [[https://oscecestremaura.files.wordpress.com/2018/12/Informe-sobre-la-lengua-extreme%C3%B1a-1.pdf]].))((Ethnologue. (n.d.). Extremaduran. //Ethnologue.// Retrieved March 27, 2023 from [[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ext/]].))
+  * [[general_information:glossary_of_terms#ISO 639-3|ISO 639-3]] standard: //ext//
 ==== Language vitality according to: ====
-^ [[http://www.unesco.org/languages-atlas/|UNESCO]] ^ [[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/fry/|Ethnologue]] ^ [[http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/10425|Endangered Languages]] ^
-| //Unesco's vitality score// | //EGIDS' language status//  | //Languages Endangerment Index// |
-==== Linguistic aspects: =====
-  * Classification: //language family// → //language group//. For more information, see //language resource at Glottolog// at [[http://glottolog.org/|Glottolog]]
-  * Script: //script used to write the language//
-==== Language standardization ====
-Is there a standardized orthography in use? Which institution maintains this orthography?
+^ [[https://en.wal.unesco.org/languages/extremaduran|UNESCO]]  ^ [[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ext/|Ethnologue]]  ^  [[http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/|Endangered Languages]]  ^ [[https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/extr1243| Glottolog]]  ^
+|  {{ :endangerment:yellow.png?nolink |definitely endangered}} |  {{ :endangerment:orange.png?nolink |Endangered}}  |  n/a  |  {{ :endangerment:yellow.png?nolink |shifting}}  |
+==== Linguistic aspects =====
+  * Classification: Indo-European → Romance → Western Romance → West-Ibero Romance → Castilic → Extremaduran. For more information, see [[https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/extr1243|extr1243]] at [[http://glottolog.org/|Glottolog]].
+  * Script: Latin
+==== Language standardisation ====
+In 2017, the [[https://oscecestremaura.files.wordpress.com/2018/03/oscec-ortografia-del-extremec3b1o.pdf|Ortografia del Extremeño]] (Orthography of Extremaduran) was published, lead by Extremaduran linguist Ismael Carmona García, and written in Spanish. There, it is described that Extremaduran is written in the Latin alphabet, including digraphs and diacritics: //a, b, c, ç, ch, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, l, ll, m, n, ñ, o, p, qu, r, rr, s, ss, t, u, v, x, y, z,//' ((Comisión del Lengua del OSCEC. (2017). //Ortografia del Extremeño.// Órganu de Siguimientu i Cordinación del Estremeñu i la su Coltura. [[https://oscecestremaura.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/oscec-ortografia-del-extremec3b1o.pdf]].)).
+The ortography was published by the //Órganu de Siguimientu i Cordinación del Estremeñu i la su Coltura// (Organ for the Monitoring and Coordination of Extremaduran and its Culture, short OSCEC). OSCEC was founded in 2011, its objective being to function as a "meeting point for scholars, writers and lovers of the Extremaduran language and culture" and to study, standardise, strengthen, promote and institutionalise the language((OSCEC. (n.d.). Quién semus?. //OSCEC Estremaúra//. Retrieved March 27, 2024, from [[https://oscecestremaura.wordpress.com/quien-semus/]].)). The organisation consists of about sixty experts, including philologists, historians and journalists((Marín, A. (2021, October 25). El estremeñu, o de cómo hacer las cosas bien. //El Diario Cantabria//. [[https://eldiariocantabria.publico.es/opinion/angel-marin/estremenu-como-hacer-cosas/20211025212112105821.html]].)).
@@ Line 24: / Line 24: @@
 ===== Demographics =====
-==== Language Area ====
+==== Language area ====
-Give a short description of the area where the language is spoken, and which dialects exist. If available, upload an image of a map, illustrating where the language is spoken. See [[manual:adding_media|Adding audio, video or pictures]] for more information.
+Extremaduran is spoken in the Spanish autonomous community of Extremadura, which is located in the West of the country, bordered to Portugal (see figure 1 and 2). Extremaduran coexists alongside Spanish, Oliventine Portuguese (portugués rayano) and the Galician-Portuguese Fala language, spoken in the Jalamá Valley (Valle de Jalamá/Val de Xálima)((Carmona García, I. (2011). El estremeñu. //Hápax Revista de la Sociedad de Estudios de Lengua y Literatura//, //4//, 77-102. <[[https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=3727750]]>)).
+Three main Extremaduran varieties can be distuingished((Glottolog. n.d. Spoken L1 Language: Extremaduran. //Glottolog//. Retrieved March 23, 2023, from [[https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/extr1243]].))((OSCEC. (n.d.). //CELROM - Informe sobre la lengua extremeña.// OSCEC. [[https://oscecestremaura.files.wordpress.com/2018/12/Informe-sobre-la-lengua-extreme%C3%B1a-1.pdf]].)), namely:
+  * Northern Extremaduran, or Altoextremeño
+  * Central Extremaduran
+  * Southern Extremaduran, or Bajoextremeño
+There is discussion regarding the distinction between what counts as a variety of Extremaduran or Spanish. OSCEC states that Extremaduran is spoken in the north, as well as in the south of Extremadura((OSCEC. (n.d.). //CELROM - Informe sobre la lengua extremeña.// OSCEC. [[https://oscecestremaura.files.wordpress.com/2018/12/Informe-sobre-la-lengua-extreme%C3%B1a-1.pdf]].)).
+<olmap id="language_map" width="300px" height="300px" zoom="5" lat="39.19" lon="-6.10" statusbar="1" toolbar="1" controls="1" poihoverstyle="1" baselyr="OpenStreetMap" summary="Europe">
+.19, -6.10,0,.8,marker-blue.png, [[:languages:extremaduran_in_spain|Extremaduran in Spain]]
+</olmap> <sup> Figure 1. Map showing the central point for the Extremaduran language area. The coordinate data were retrieved from Glottolog((Glottolog. n.d. Spoken L1 Language: Extremaduran. //Glottolog//. Retrieved March 23, 2023, from [[https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/extr1243]].)). </sup>
+{{:languages:student_sheets:idiomas_de_extremadura.png?nolink&300|}} \\
+<sup> Figure 2. Map of showing the Extremaduran language area within the autonomous community of Extremadura. It labels Extremaduran language varieties as Idioma Extremeño, Altoextremeño, Bajoextremeño, shown in green and dark yellow. Portugal is shown in light grey/blue ((Fobos92. (2016, January 12). //Idiomas de Extremadura// [image]. Wikimedia Commons. [[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Idiomas_de_Extremadura.PNG]].)). </sup>
-{{https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Percentage_stating_they_speak_Irish_daily_outside_the_education_system_in_the_2011_census.png/340px-Percentage_stating_they_speak_Irish_daily_outside_the_education_system_in_the_2011_census.png }}
-Describe what the map shows, and give credits to the creator of the map if necessary.
 ==== Speaker numbers ====
-If you wish to provide many data concerning speaker numbers, please consider presenting these in tables. Refer to Creating tables for more information.
+There is no official data on the current number of speakers of Extremaduran. A complication for such an estimation of speakers is that some speakers are not aware of their use of Extremaduran, and instead believe that they are speaking a dialectal, "badly" spoken form of Castilian Spanish (p.4)((OSCEC. (n.d.). //CELROM - Informe sobre la lengua extremeña.// OSCEC. [[https://oscecestremaura.files.wordpress.com/2018/12/Informe-sobre-la-lengua-extreme%C3%B1a-1.pdf]].)). The OSCEC states that while it considers Ethnologue's estimation of 200,000 - 500,000 speakers in 1995 to be possible in theory, the organisation estimates that in reality, there are about 10,000 people who consider themselves to be speaking a language distinct from Spanish. Moreover, many people tend to call their language by the name of their local variety instead of denominating it Extremaduran.
-----
+In terms of language skills, OSCEC considers 40% of people in the centre of the region of Extremadura to be able to understand Extremaduran. There are very few speakers who are proficient in reading and writing((OSCEC. (n.d.). //CELROM - Informe sobre la lengua extremeña.// OSCEC. [[https://oscecestremaura.files.wordpress.com/2018/12/Informe-sobre-la-lengua-extreme%C3%B1a-1.pdf]].)).
+----
 ====== Education of the language ======
-===== History of language education: =====
+===== History of language education =====
-Please describe the history of the language's presence in:
-  * the country's school system;
+The use of Extremaduran in education has been discouraged for many years, and students could even face physical punishment for speaking the language until the 1970s ((OSCEC. (n.d.). //CELROM - Informe sobre la lengua extremeña.// OSCEC. [[https://oscecestremaura.files.wordpress.com/2018/12/Informe-sobre-la-lengua-extreme%C3%B1a-1.pdf]].))((Gordo, D. (2020, October 1). La realidad lingüística en Extremadura – Daniel Gordo. //Revista de Llengua i Dret Blog//. [[https://eapc-rld.blog.gencat.cat/2020/10/01/la-realidad-linguistica-en-extremadura-daniel-gordo/]].)).
-  * published, broadcasted, or online learning resources.
+Nevertheless, the Extremaduran language has been included in more general initiatives promoting Extremaduran culture. However, there are no concrete measures for the Extremaduran language in particular ((OSCEC. (n.d.). //CELROM - Informe sobre la lengua extremeña.// OSCEC. [[https://oscecestremaura.files.wordpress.com/2018/12/Informe-sobre-la-lengua-extreme%C3%B1a-1.pdf]].))((Gordo, D. (2020, October 1). La realidad lingüística en Extremadura – Daniel Gordo. //Revista de Llengua i Dret Blog//. [[https://eapc-rld.blog.gencat.cat/2020/10/01/la-realidad-linguistica-en-extremadura-daniel-gordo/]].)).
+In 1977, the "Week of Extremadura in School" (Semana de Extremadura en la Escuela) was first organised by a group of teachers at the school //Colegio Virgen de Guadalupe// in Badajoz, right after the end of Francoist Spain and before the formation of an autonomous government for Extremadura. During this week, everything revolved around Extremadura, including e.g. music, language, geography, history and arranged expositions, dances and excursions. From 1978 onwards, the project was gradually extended to other educational centres and a large closing activity involving up to 15,000 students was hosted in different Extremaduran towns and cities every spring. The project was awarded the first ever Medal of Extremadura in 1986, but was discontinued after 1997((Moral, G. (2018, May 27). Una semana de extremeñismo en el ‘cole.’ //El Periódico Extremadura//. [[https://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/lo-ultimo/2018/05/27/semana-extremenismo-cole-44155943.html.]].)). Nowadays, there is a day when schools celebrate the passing of the Statute of Autonomy of Extremadura (25 February)((OSCEC. (n.d.). //CELROM - Informe sobre la lengua extremeña.// OSCEC. [[https://oscecestremaura.files.wordpress.com/2018/12/Informe-sobre-la-lengua-extreme%C3%B1a-1.pdf]].)). This celebration can last longer than a day, and linguistic diversity can be one of the aspects celebrated ((Junta de Extremadura. (2023, March 3). La Semana de Extremadura en la Escuela pone en valor las señas de identidad de la región [Extremadura Week at School highlights the region's identity]. //Juntaex//. [[https://www.juntaex.es/w/semana-extremadura-escuela-consejera-educacion]].)).
+In 2002, the Extremaduran Ministry of Education, Science and Technology approved a secondary school curriculum of Extremaduran topics, also creating an optional subject called "Extremaduran Culture" (Cultura Extremeña). However, this elective subject would be eliminated by subsequent educational legislation, which is why the teaching of Extremaduran content happens at the discretion of individual educators((OSCEC. (n.d.). //CELROM - Informe sobre la lengua extremeña.// OSCEC. [[https://oscecestremaura.files.wordpress.com/2018/12/Informe-sobre-la-lengua-extreme%C3%B1a-1.pdf]].)).
 ===== Legislation of language education =====
-Please describe legislation concerning education of the language. Distinguish between different levels of legislation. For instance, legislation concerning Aragonese language education in Aragon (Spain) is affected by:
-  * The [[general_information:glossary_of_terms|European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]],
+==== Legislation on European level ====
-  * Spanish legislation,
-  * Legislation of the Autonomous Community of Aragon.
-Questions that may be discussed in this section:
+Spain has signed the [[general_information:glossary_of_terms|European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]] (ECRML) in 1992 and ratified in 2001, but did not (explicitely) include Extremaduran until 2020((Council of Europe. (2024, October 17). Chart of signatures and ratifications of Treaty 148. //Treaty Office//. [[https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list?module=signatures-by-treaty&treatynum=148]].))((Council of Europe. (2024, October 17). Reservations and Declarations for Treaty No.148 - European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages (ETS No. 148). //Treaty Office//. [[https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/concerning-a-given-treaty?module=declarations-by-treaty&territoires=&codeNature=0&codePays=&numSte=148&enVigueur=true&ddateDebut=05-05-1949]].)). Since then, Extremaduran has been recognised under [[general_information:glossary_of_terms|part II]] of the ECRML((Council or Europe. (2024, September 24). //States Parties to the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages and their regional or minority languages (listed by language on p.6)//. Council of Europe. [[https://rm.coe.int/november-2022-revised-table-languages-covered-english-/1680a8fef4]].))((Conde, J. (2020, January 16). El ‘Estremeñu’ suma nuevos apoyos como una lengua propia desde el Consejo de Europa [‘Estremeñu’ gains new support as a separate language from the Council of Europe]. //El Diaro.// [[https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/extremenu-respaldo-lengua-consejo-europa_1_1077190.html]].)).
-  * Is the language protected by the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages?
-  * Does the law allow for the language to be taught in school?
-  * Does the law allow for the language to be used as medium of instruction in school?
-  * Does the law state that teaching the language or using it as medium of instruction is compulsory?
-Feel free to add additional points, not included in the list above.
+For education, this means that commitments are made. For example:
-===== Institutional support for education of the language: =====
+  * the provision of appropriate forms and means for the teaching and study of regional or minority languages at all appropriate stages;
+  * the provision of facilities enabling non-speakers of a regional or minority language living in the area where it is used to learn it if they so desire;
+  * the promotion of study and research on regional or minority languages at universities or equivalent institutions;
-If information is available, please discuss whether:
+Spain declares languages "protected by the Statutes of Autonomy in the territories where they are traditionally spoken" as regional or minority language via part II of the ECRML((Council of Europe. (2024, October 17). Reservations and Declarations for Treaty No.148 - European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages (ETS No. 148). //Treaty Office//. [[https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/concerning-a-given-treaty?module=declarations-by-treaty&territoires=&codeNature=0&codePays=&numSte=148&enVigueur=true&ddateDebut=05-05-1949]].)). In December 2019, the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe adopted a Recommendation on the application of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages by Spain, in which it advised the Spanish authorities to "clarify the situation of [...] Estremeñu in Extremadura", among other regional languages"((Council of Europe Committee of Ministers. (2019). //Recommendation CM/RecChL (2019) 7 on the application of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages by Spain (adopted by the Committee of Ministers on 21 December 2019 at the 1363rd meeting of the Ministers' Deputies)//. Council of Europe. [[https://rm.coe.int/0900001680993e63]])). This lead to changes regarding the protection of Extremaduran in 2020, as the OSCEC submitted the request to have Extremaduran declared as an "Asset of Cultural Interest (BIC, its Spanish acronym)"((Ministerio De Politica Territorial. (2023). //European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages:Sixth periodical report presented to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe in accordance with Article 15 of the Charter - Spain.// Council of Europe. [[https://rm.coe.int/spainpr6-en/1680ac3178]].)), and Extremaduran was explicitely included within the framework of the ECRML((Conde, J. (2020, January 16). El ‘Estremeñu’ suma nuevos apoyos como una lengua propia desde el Consejo de Europa [‘Estremeñu’ gains new support as a separate language from the Council of Europe]. //El Diaro.// [[https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/extremenu-respaldo-lengua-consejo-europa_1_1077190.html]].)).
+Resulting from this, information on Extremaduran has been included in reports for the ECRML((Ministerio de Política Territorial y Función Pública. (2021). //European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages: Information Document on the implementation of the Recommendations for Immediate Action based on the 5th monitoring cycle.//Council of Europe. [[https://rm.coe.int/spainiria5-en-pdf/1680a15366]].))((Ministerio De Politica Territorial. (2023). //European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages:Sixth periodical report presented to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe in accordance with Article 15 of the Charter - Spain.// Council of Europe. [[https://rm.coe.int/spainpr6-en/1680ac3178]].))((Committee of Experts of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. (2024). //Sixth Evaluation Report on Spain.// Council of Europe. [[https://rm.coe.int/spainecrml6-en/1680b1b32d]].)).
-  * there are learning materials being developed,
+==== Legislation on local level ====
-  * these materials are sufficient and of good quality,
-  * these materials are commissioned or their development subsidized by the regional or national government,
-  * there is training available for language teachers,
+==Autonomous Community of Extremadura==
-  * there are sufficient teachers and if they are competent,
+The Autonomous Community of Extremadura has Castillian Spanish as offcial language, but states in article 9.1.47 of the Extremaduran constitution, that it has exclusive jurisdiction over "Culture in all its forms. [...] Protection of the specific linguistic modalities" (translated from Spanish), in which the linguistic modalities refer to Extremaduran, Fala and Border Portuguese ((Estatuto de Autonomía de Extremadura (2011). [[https://app.congreso.es/consti/estatutos/estatutos.jsp?com=72&tipo=2&ini=8&fin=14&ini_sub=1&fin_sub=1]].))((Gordo, D. (2020, October 1). La realidad lingüística en Extremadura – Daniel Gordo. //Revista de Llengua i Dret Blog//. [[https://eapc-rld.blog.gencat.cat/2020/10/01/la-realidad-linguistica-en-extremadura-daniel-gordo/]].)).
-  * there is a teacher's union, or an institution where teachers can get advice or additional training,
-  * teacher training is subsidized by the regional or national government,
-  * language education is promoted by an institution,
+Early 2020, the OSCEC submitted the request to have Extremaduran declared as an “Asset of Cultural Interest" in the Autonomous Community of Extremadura((Ministerio De Politica Territorial. (2023). //European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages:Sixth periodical report presented to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe in accordance with Article 15 of the Charter - Spain.// Council of Europe. [[https://rm.coe.int/spainpr6-en/1680ac3178]].)), which was still a work in process in 2024((Euskalgintzaren Kontseilua.(2024, September 24). Un rayo de esperanza en la difícil vía para proteger y dar a conocer la diversidad lingüística extremeña [A ray of hope in the difficult path to protect and promote Extremadura's linguistic diversity]. //Euskalgintzaren Kontseilua//. [[https://kontseilua.eus/noticias/vii-dia-lenguas-extremadura/]].)).
-  * promotion of language education is subsidized by the government,
-  * the quality of language education is inspected and stimulated.
+The Autonomous Community of Extremadura is the main authority for education ((Juntaex. (n.d.). Educacación. //Juntaex//. Retrieved October 17, 2024, from [[https://www.juntaex.es/temas/educacion]].)).
-Feel free to add additional points, not included in the list above, and to structure your information using chapter headings, e.g.:
+==Municipal level==
+In September 2024, Montehermoso became the first municipality within the autonomous community of Extremadura to officially commit to the protection and promotion of the regional languages, including Extremaduran, with the declaration //Municipio comprometido con las lenguas de Extremadura//((Euskalgintzaren Kontseilua.(2024, September 24). Un rayo de esperanza en la difícil vía para proteger y dar a conocer la diversidad lingüística extremeña [A ray of hope in the difficult path to protect and promote Extremadura's linguistic diversity]. //Euskalgintzaren Kontseilua//. [[https://kontseilua.eus/noticias/vii-dia-lenguas-extremadura/]].))((Gata, C. (2024, September 16). Montehermoso lucha para proteger las lenguas de Extremadura [Montehermoso fights to protect the languages of Extremadura]. //Canal Extremadura//. [[http://www.canalextremadura.es/noticias/provincia-de-caceres/montehermoso-lucha-para-proteger-las-lenguas-de-extremadura]].)).
+===== Support structure for education of the language =====
+ ==== Teacher training =====
+Since 2019, OSCEC offers talks, workshops and courses both for educational professionals and students of all ages. In a dossier directed at educational centres, they explain that the goal of these events is to inform and discuss about the linguistic diversity of Extremadura. The introductory talk directed at teacher training centres (centros de profesores y de recursos, short CPR) and the teaching staff of individual educational centres has a duration of an hour and a half and is given in Extremaduran unless specifically requested otherwise. The organisation provides participants with ways to preserve and transmit linguistic cultural heritage in the educational system. An extended course on this matter covers the topics of plurilingualism and tolerance, the legal framework, the formation of the Extremaduran languages, characteristics of the Extremaduran languages, and linguistic plurality in the classroom((OSCEC. (n.d.). //La realidad lingüística en Extremadura (Dossier para centros educativos) //[The linguistic reality in Extremadura (Dossier for educational centers)]. [[https://oscecestremaura.files.wordpress.com/2019/12/dossier-centros-educativos.pdf]])).
+==== Institutional support ====
+There is no financial support given to educational institutions for the teaching of Extremaduran language and culture. OSCEC reported that they do not benefit from any financial help or subsidies granted by government institutions((OSCEC. (n.d.). //La realidad lingüística en Extremadura (Dossier para centros educativos) //[The linguistic reality in Extremadura (Dossier for educational centers)]. [[https://oscecestremaura.files.wordpress.com/2019/12/dossier-centros-educativos.pdf]])).
-==== Language learning materials: ====
 ===== Education presence =====
-To what extent is language education available in the area under scrutiny:
-  * Is the language being taught in- or outside of school?
-  * If the language is taught during school hours,
-      * in which grades is it being taught?
-      * for how many hours per week?
-      * to how many children / what percentage of the population?
-      * are language skills being evaluated in any way?
-      * what level of competence do students reach?
-  * Is the language used as medium of instruction in school?
-  * What school systems with respect to multilingualism are there (bilingual, trilingual)?
-  * Are there courses available for adults?
-  * Is the language taught or studied at university level?
-Can you say anything about to what extent education of the language helps to preserve it:
+The Extremaduran language has no official presence in the Extremaduran education system((Gordo, D. (2020, October 1). La realidad lingüística en Extremadura – Daniel Gordo. //Revista de Llengua i Dret Blog//. [[https://eapc-rld.blog.gencat.cat/2020/10/01/la-realidad-linguistica-en-extremadura-daniel-gordo/]].)). Nevertheless, attention to the language can be given, such as "highlighting the linguistic plurality of Extremadura in the areas where a dialect is spoken" (translated from Spanish) during celebrations of the Extremaduran Statute of Autonomy((Junta de Extremadura. (2023, March 3). La Semana de Extremadura en la Escuela pone en valor las señas de identidad de la región [Extremadura Week at School highlights the region's identity
-  * Do students use the language outside of school?
+]. //Juntaex//. [[https://www.juntaex.es/w/semana-extremadura-escuela-consejera-educacion]].)).
-  * Does the fact that the language is being taught in school add to its prestige, and the speakers' self esteem?
-Feel free to add additional points, not included in the list above, and to structure your information using chapter headings.
+==== Primary and secondary education ====
-===== Online learning resources =====
+Schools have the option to host workshops and classes organised by OSCEC and offered for students of different age groups, which involve games, exercises and other activities to activate participants' knowledge of Extremaduran regional languages and to emphasise these languages' importance((OSCEC. (n.d.). //La realidad lingüística en Extremadura (Dossier para centros educativos) //[The linguistic reality in Extremadura (Dossier for educational centers)]. [[https://oscecestremaura.files.wordpress.com/2019/12/dossier-centros-educativos.pdf]])).
-Please provide links to online learning resources.
-----
+Individual teachers may decide to include Extremaduran in class. One example of such inclusion is the project called "En Extremaúra se parla Castúo" (In Extremadura we speak Extremaduran), organised in year 2º ESO (second year of secondary education, aged 12 to 13) at secondary school //IES Castillo de Luna// in Alburquerque (Badajoz). Students explored the language and its vocabulary as well as Extremaduran history and culture. For this project, students made use of both information from the internet and physical books. The project was presented as a radio program of their school radio and a was published on the website of the educational radio project //RadioEdu// of the Junta (Government) of Extremadura((Radio Castillo de Luna (IES Castillo de Luna). (2019, May 13). //En Estremaúra se parla Castúo con 2º ESO//. RadioEdu. [[https://radioedu.educarex.es/blog/2019/05/13/en-estremaura-se-parla-castuo-con-2o-eso/]])).
+==== Higher education ====
+The University of Extremadura has no department dedicated to the study of Extremaduran. Where the university initially considered the Extremaduran language to be dead and Extremadurans to have voluntarily chosen to speak Spanish instead of Extremaduran((OSCEC. (n.d.). //CELROM - Informe sobre la lengua extremeña.// OSCEC. [[https://oscecestremaura.files.wordpress.com/2018/12/Informe-sobre-la-lengua-extreme%C3%B1a-1.pdf]].)), by 2024, the university was involved in a local project with OSCEC, //Turismo activo a través de las Lenguas Minoritarias de Extremadura// (Active tourism through the Minority Languages of Extremadura)((OSCEC. (2024, July 213). Hola familia, quiero compartir con vosotr@s este proyecto que estamos desarrollando [Facebook post]. Facebook. [[https://www.facebook.com/plugins/post.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Foscec.estremaura%2Fposts%2Fpfbid0ip8M6hKmdKfsE9pFTomu63Ln8BpuanADn7jdWywmRuHX7hrs4uJLyB6nZkf6mxhNl&]].))
+==== Language classes outside of school ====
+In 2021, the //Consejo de la Juventud de Extremadura// (Council of Extremaduran Youth, short CJEx) offered a basic Extremaduran class (CEFR-level A1), for which the 150 available spots were full within two days ((Revista Grada. (2022, June 15). El estremeñu. Cuando una lengua tiene futuro. Grada 168. Assina. //Revista Grada//. [[https://www.grada.es/el-estremenu-cuando-una-lengua-tiene-futuro-grada-168-assina/blogueros/oscec/]])). The course with the name "Hablamos extremeño - Palramus estremeñu" (Let's speak Extremaduran) had a duration of six weeks, spanning 120 hours, and was supported with online materials. The course aimed to teach basic linguistic competences and inform about the linguistic situation of Extremadura, and was taught by members of OSCEC((Región Digital. (2021, October 4). El Consejo de la Juventud organiza un curso de lengua extremeña [The Youth Council organizes an Extremaduran language course.]. //Región Digital//. [[https://www.regiondigital.com/noticias/juventud/351424-el-consejo-de-la-juventud-organiza-un-curso-de-lengua-extremena.html]]].)).
+===== Learning resources =====
+==== Organisations ====
+  * [[https://oscecestremaura.wordpress.com/|OSCEC]] organsises an annual celebration day for Extremaduran, in light of European Day of Languages on the 26th of September since 2018((Euskalgintzaren Kontseilua.(2024, September 24). Un rayo de esperanza en la difícil vía para proteger y dar a conocer la diversidad lingüística extremeña [A ray of hope in the difficult path to protect and promote Extremadura's linguistic diversity]. //Euskalgintzaren Kontseilua//. [[https://kontseilua.eus/noticias/vii-dia-lenguas-extremadura/]].)).\\ It is active on social media also, including [[https://www.facebook.com/oscec.estremaura/|Facebook]], [[https://x.com/oscecestremaura|X]] and [[https://www.instagram.com/oscecestremaura/|Instagram]]
+  * [[https://elcanton.org/|El Cantón estremeñu]] is an educational project revolving around the Extremaduran language. Founded by Juan Francisco Reina Raposo (co-founder of //OSCEC//), teacher of Extremaduran and Spanish as a second language (ELE), the website started out as a blog about the language and has become a resource for both speakers and learners.
+==== Online resources ====
+**
+Dictionaries and ortorgraphies**
+  * [[https://oscecestremaura.files.wordpress.com/2018/03/oscec-diccionario-castellano-extremec3b1o-ismael-carmona-garcc3ada.pdf|Diccionario Castellano – Extremeño]]: Spanish - Extremaduran dictionary
+  * [[https://oscecestremaura.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/oscec-ortografia-del-extremec3b1o.pdf|Ortografia del extremeño]]: Ortography of Extremaduran]]
+**Learning materials**
-ge in this country, please provide a link below:
+  * [[https://elcanton.org/licionis/|El Cantón estremeñu]]: a basic study plan (in Spanish) for beginners and intermediate learners, covering general information, reading and writing, grammar, verbs, vocabulary and morphology
+   * [[https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/Language/Extremaduran|Polyglot Club Wiki]]: lessons on Extremaduran grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation (English based). Grammar lessons include articles, auxiliary verbs, verb tenses, pronouns and prepositions, and basic vocabulary resources cover topics such as greetings, temporal adverbs, verbs, adjectives, numbers and body parts.
+  * [[https://www.youtube.com/@Atezina/videos|Azetina]]: a YouTube channel on Extremaduran history, language and popular culture, including language lessons, recordings of spoken Extremaduran, radio interviews by OSCEC and news items.