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languages:elfdalian_in_sweden [2018/01/25 16:25]
johanneke [Language standardization]
languages:elfdalian_in_sweden [2020/03/10 10:56]
ydwine [Online learning resources]
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 ==== Language vitality according to: ==== ==== Language vitality according to: ====
-^ [[http://​www.unesco.org/​languages-atlas/​|UNESCO]] ^ [[https://​www.ethnologue.com/​language/​fry/|Ethnologue]] ^ [[http://​www.endangeredlanguages.com/​lang/​10425|Endangered Languages]] ^ +^ [[http://​www.unesco.org/​languages-atlas/​|UNESCO]] ^ [[https://​www.ethnologue.com/​language/​ovd|Ethnologue]] ^ [[http://​www.endangeredlanguages.com/​lang/​10425|Endangered Languages]] ^ 
-//​Definitely ​endangered// //7: shifting//  ​//Endangered// |+{{ :​endangerment:​yellow.png?​nolink |definitely ​endangered}}|{{ :endangerment:​yellow.png?​nolink | shifting}}|{{ :​endangerment:​yellow.png?​nolink ​| Endangered}} |
 ==== Linguistic aspects: ===== ==== Linguistic aspects: =====
   * Classification:​ //​Indo-European//​ → //​Germanic//​. For more information,​ see [[http://​glottolog.org/​resource/​languoid/​id/​elfd1234]]   * Classification:​ //​Indo-European//​ → //​Germanic//​. For more information,​ see [[http://​glottolog.org/​resource/​languoid/​id/​elfd1234]]
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 There is currently no standardized orthography in use, even though there have been multiple attempts to create one ((Lars Steensland //​Älvdalskans stavning – historia, nuläge och framtidsperspektiv//​ (2015) <​[[http://​www.larssteensland.se/​Stavning.pdf]]>​ [accessed 08 December 2017])). There are multiple reasons for this: First of all, Elfdalian has some speech sounds that Swedish does not have, which makes it unclear how to spell certain words. Besides that, Elfdalian varies a lot among different villages, especially in pronunciation,​ which makes it hard to find one orthography that suits everyone. ​ There is currently no standardized orthography in use, even though there have been multiple attempts to create one ((Lars Steensland //​Älvdalskans stavning – historia, nuläge och framtidsperspektiv//​ (2015) <​[[http://​www.larssteensland.se/​Stavning.pdf]]>​ [accessed 08 December 2017])). There are multiple reasons for this: First of all, Elfdalian has some speech sounds that Swedish does not have, which makes it unclear how to spell certain words. Besides that, Elfdalian varies a lot among different villages, especially in pronunciation,​ which makes it hard to find one orthography that suits everyone. ​
  
-People have written in Elfdalian for quite a long time though ((Lars Steensland //​Älvdalskans stavning – historia, nuläge och framtidsperspektiv//​ (2015) <​[[http://​www.larssteensland.se/​Stavning.pdf]]>​ [accessed 08 December 2017])). Up till the nineteen hundreds people still used runes, so called "​dalrunor",​ but after that they started using the Latin alphabet. ​+People have written in Elfdalian for quite a long time though ((Lars Steensland //​Älvdalskans stavning – historia, nuläge och framtidsperspektiv//​ (2015) <​[[http://​www.larssteensland.se/​Stavning.pdf]]>​ [accessed 08 December 2017])). Up till the nineteen hundreds people still used runes, so-called "​dalrunor",​ but after that they started using the Latin alphabet. ​
  
-Nowadays there a three different ​orthographies ​competing ​with each other: ((Lars Steensland //​Älvdalskans stavning – historia, nuläge och framtidsperspektiv//​ (2015) <​[[http://​www.larssteensland.se/​Stavning.pdf]]>​ [accessed 08 December 2017])).+Nowadays there a three different competing ​orthographies in use: ((Lars Steensland //​Älvdalskans stavning – historia, nuläge och framtidsperspektiv//​ (2015) <​[[http://​www.larssteensland.se/​Stavning.pdf]]>​ [accessed 08 December 2017])).
  
-Språkradets (2005)+  * Språkradets (2005
 +  * Steensland (2010) 
 +  * Åkerberg (2012)
  
-- Steensland (2010) +They all have some differences. This becomes clear when we look  ​for example at the forms for the Swedish word "​käppen":​ Using Språkrådets orthography you would write "​storn",​ with Steenslands "​stor’n",​ and with Åkerbergs "​storn"​.
- +
-- Åkerberg (2012) +
- +
-They all have some differences. This becomes clear when we for example ​look at the forms for the Swedish word "​käppen":​ Using Språkrådets orthography you would write "​storn",​ with Steenslands "​stor’n",​ and with Åkerbergs "​storn"​.+
  
  
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 ---- ----
- 
 ====== Education of the language ====== ====== Education of the language ======
 ===== History of language education: ===== ===== History of language education: =====
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 ==== National/​regional law ==== ==== National/​regional law ====
-Sweden knows five minority languages and the law states that users of these languages should be given the opportunity to learn, develop, and use the language ((Sveriges Riksdag. //Språklag (2009:​600).//​ <​[[https://​www.riksdagen.se/​sv/​dokument-lagar/​dokument/​svensk-forfattningssamling/​spraklag-2009600_sfs-2009-600]]>​ [accessed 08 December 2017])). Furthermore,​ the Swedish law states that "Those who have another mother tongue [than the languages mentioned in the first part] should be given the opportunity to develop and use their mother tongue."​ So for, among others, Elfdalian, the part of "the opportunity to learn" is not present. The law does not state that teaching the language or using it as medium of instruction is compulsory, but it does allow for the language to be taught in school, and to be used as medium of instruction in school. ​+Sweden knows six minority languages ​(Finnish, Yiddish, Meänkieli, Romani Chib, Sami and Swedish Sign Language), ​and the law states that users of these languages should be given the opportunity to learn, develop, and use the language ((Sveriges Riksdag. //Språklag (2009:​600).//​ <​[[https://​www.riksdagen.se/​sv/​dokument-lagar/​dokument/​svensk-forfattningssamling/​spraklag-2009600_sfs-2009-600]]>​ [accessed 08 December 2017])). Furthermore,​ the Swedish law states that "Those who have another mother tongue [than the languages mentioned in the first part] should be given the opportunity to develop and use their mother tongue."​ So for, among others, Elfdalian, the part of "the opportunity to learn" is not present. The law does not state that teaching the language or using it as medium of instruction is compulsory, but it does allow for the language to be taught in school, and to be used as medium of instruction in school. ​
  
  
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 3: The student can write an easier text in Elfdalian 3: The student can write an easier text in Elfdalian
  
-===== Education ​presence ​===== +===== Education ​in practice===== 
-In a high school in Älvdalen, Elfdalian is being taught as an optional course. It is taught inside of school and during school hours, but it is not mandatory for all students. The course was very popular this year and was chosen by 54 students but they only got six lectures so they did not reach a high enough level to actually have a conversation in Elfdalian ((//Ulum dalska.// [[http://​www.ulumdalska.se/​2017/​10/​1209/​]]>​ [accessed 09 December 2017])).+In a high school in Älvdalen, Elfdalian is being taught as an optional course. It is taught inside of school and during school hours, but it is not mandatory for all students. The course was very popular this year (2017) ​and was chosen by 54 students but they only got six lectures so they did not reach a high enough level to actually have a conversation in Elfdalian ((//Ulum dalska.// [[http://​www.ulumdalska.se/​2017/​10/​1209/​]]>​ [accessed 09 December 2017])).
  
 In 2005 there was a beginners course in Elfdalian at Uppsala University. It is currently not taught anymore, but professors Gunnar Nyström and Yair Sapir made the course material online available in 2015 ((Gunnar Nyström and Yair Sapir. //​Introduktion till Älvdalska.//​ (2005). <​[[http://​hkr.diva-portal.org/​smash/​get/​diva2:​807822/​FULLTEXT16.pdf]]>​ [accessed 09 December 2017].)). Besides this, there have been summer courses for adults ((Gunnar Nyström and Yair Sapir. //​Introduktion till älvdalska.//​ (2015). <​[[http://​hkr.diva-portal.org/​smash/​get/​diva2:​807822/​FULLTEXT16.pdf]]>​ [accessed 09 December 2017])) ((//Kurs i Älvdalska i sommar// (2004). <​[[http://​www.dt.se/​allmant/​dalarna/​kurs-i-alvdalska-i-sommar]]>​ [accessed 09 December 2017])). One of these beginner courses has even been translated to English and is now available for English speaking language enthusiasts ((Älvdalens kommun. In 2005 there was a beginners course in Elfdalian at Uppsala University. It is currently not taught anymore, but professors Gunnar Nyström and Yair Sapir made the course material online available in 2015 ((Gunnar Nyström and Yair Sapir. //​Introduktion till Älvdalska.//​ (2005). <​[[http://​hkr.diva-portal.org/​smash/​get/​diva2:​807822/​FULLTEXT16.pdf]]>​ [accessed 09 December 2017].)). Besides this, there have been summer courses for adults ((Gunnar Nyström and Yair Sapir. //​Introduktion till älvdalska.//​ (2015). <​[[http://​hkr.diva-portal.org/​smash/​get/​diva2:​807822/​FULLTEXT16.pdf]]>​ [accessed 09 December 2017])) ((//Kurs i Älvdalska i sommar// (2004). <​[[http://​www.dt.se/​allmant/​dalarna/​kurs-i-alvdalska-i-sommar]]>​ [accessed 09 December 2017])). One of these beginner courses has even been translated to English and is now available for English speaking language enthusiasts ((Älvdalens kommun.
  //​Lianna och Hannah blev pionjärer för älvdalska i USA.// <​[[http://​www.alvdalen.se/​sv/​Alvdalska/​Puffar/​Test-Alvdalskpuff/​]]>​ [accessed 09 December 2017])).  //​Lianna och Hannah blev pionjärer för älvdalska i USA.// <​[[http://​www.alvdalen.se/​sv/​Alvdalska/​Puffar/​Test-Alvdalskpuff/​]]>​ [accessed 09 December 2017])).
  
-Last year a new project was started in a preschool in Älvdalen. The staff will only speak Elfdalian and the children will have Elfdalian is their daily language ((Sveriges Radio. //Barn i förskolan ska språkbada i älvdalska//​ (2016)+Last year (2016) ​a new project was started in a preschool in Älvdalen. The staff will only speak Elfdalian and the children will have Elfdalian is their daily language ((Sveriges Radio. //Barn i förskolan ska språkbada i älvdalska//​ (2016)
  <​[[http://​sverigesradio.se/​sida/​artikel.aspx?​programid=161&​artikel=6391217]] [accessed 09 December 2017])) ((Älvdalens kommun.  <​[[http://​sverigesradio.se/​sida/​artikel.aspx?​programid=161&​artikel=6391217]] [accessed 09 December 2017])) ((Älvdalens kommun.
  //​Älvdalska i förskolan.//<​[[http://​alvdalen.se/​sv/​Alvdalska/​Nyheter/​Alvdalska-i-forskolan/​]]>​ [accessed 09 December 2017])). This gives a lot of speakers of Elfdalian hope that one day it might become one of the official minority languages of Sweden((Älvdalens kommun.  //​Älvdalska i förskolan.//<​[[http://​alvdalen.se/​sv/​Alvdalska/​Nyheter/​Alvdalska-i-forskolan/​]]>​ [accessed 09 December 2017])). This gives a lot of speakers of Elfdalian hope that one day it might become one of the official minority languages of Sweden((Älvdalens kommun.
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 ===== Online learning resources ===== ===== Online learning resources =====
  
-[[http://​hkr.diva-portal.org/​smash/​get/​diva2:​807822/​FULLTEXT16.pdf]]((Gunnar Nyström and Yair Sapir. //​Introduktion till Älvdalska.// ​(2005). ​<​http://​hkr.diva-portal.org/​smash/​get/​diva2:​807822/​FULLTEXT16.pdf>​)+  * [[http://​hkr.diva-portal.org/​smash/​get/​diva2:​807822/​FULLTEXT16.pdf|Introduktion till Älvdalska]] written by Gunnar Nyström and Yair Sapir (2005). ​(in Swedish
-[[http://​www.skrievum.se/​grammatiken/​]]  +  ​* ​[[http://​www.skrievum.se/​grammatiken/​]] ​overview of grammar books (in Swedish) 
-[[http://​älvdalsk.ordbok.gratis/​]] +  ​* ​[[http://​älvdalsk.ordbok.gratis/​|Älvdalsk Ordbok]] Dictionary (Swedish and Elfdalian) 
-[[http://www.elfdalsasen.com/​ordlista/​a.htm]] +  ​* ​[[http://ulumdalska.se|Ulum Dalska föreningen för Älvdalskansbeveranda]] (Swedish and Elfdalian) 
-[[https://​www.youtube.com/​watch?​v=HtdAZA8wRJ4]] +  ​* ​[[https://​www.youtube.com/​watch?​v=HtdAZA8wRJ4|Lär dig prata älvdalska]] video 
-[[https://​www.youtube.com/​watch?​v=4nrbebx-pUU]]+  ​* ​[[https://​www.youtube.com/​watch?​v=4nrbebx-pUU|Elfdalian Lesson one. Älvdalska Lektion]] video
languages/elfdalian_in_sweden.txt · Last modified: 2022/09/21 16:18 by ydwine

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