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languages:east_frisian_in_germany_under_construction [2025/10/08 17:18] – [History of language education] jasmijn.van.beeklanguages:east_frisian_in_germany_under_construction [2025/10/08 20:26] (current) – [Language Area] jasmijn.van.beek
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-| {{ :endangerment:grey.png |not accessible}} | {{ :endangerment:red.png |Endangered}} | {{ :endangerment:grey.png |n.a.}} | {{ :endangerment:yellow.png |Threatened}} |+| {{ :endangerment:grey.png |site not accessible}} | {{ :endangerment:red.png |Endangered}} | {{ :endangerment:grey.png |n.a.}} | {{ :endangerment:yellow.png |Threatened}} |
 <sup> Click [[manual:colour_codes|here]] for a full overview of the language vitality colour codes. </sup> <sup> Click [[manual:colour_codes|here]] for a full overview of the language vitality colour codes. </sup>
  
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 ==== Language Area ==== ==== Language Area ====
  
-East Frisian Low Saxon is spoken in East Frisia, an area in the northwest of the State of Lower Saxony in Germany on the coast of the Wadden Sea. This area roughly corresponds to the municipalities under the Ostfriesische Landschaft.+East Frisian Low Saxon is spoken in East Frisia, an area in the northwest of the State of Lower Saxony in Germany on the coast of the Wadden Sea and bordering the Netherlands. This area roughly corresponds to the municipalities under the Ostfriesische Landschaft.
  
 {{https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/OstfriesischesPlatt.png/1024px-OstfriesischesPlatt.png?450 |East Frisian language area}} {{https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/OstfriesischesPlatt.png/1024px-OstfriesischesPlatt.png?450 |East Frisian language area}}
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 ==== Legislation on European level ==== ==== Legislation on European level ====
  
-East Frisian Low Saxon is not recognized as its own language under the ECRML; instead, the broader Low German language is recognized in Germany, which is covered by Article III in Lower Saxony ((https://rm.coe.int/november-2022-revised-table-languages-covered-english-/1680a8fef4)).+East Frisian Low Saxon is not recognized as its own language under the ECRML; instead, the broader Low German language is recognized in Germany, which is covered by Article III in Lower Saxony ((Council of Europe. (2024, September 24). //States Parties to the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages and their regional or minority languages//. [[https://rm.coe.int/november-2022-revised-table-languages-covered-english-/1680a8fef4]])).
  
-The East Frisian minority group is recognized under the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities as part of the Frisian ethnic group ((https://rm.coe.int/6th-sr-germany-en/1680adeb8f)) ((https://www.minderheitensekretariat.de/en/autochthonous-minorities/)).+The East Frisian minority group is recognized under the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities as part of the Frisian ethnic group ((Federal Ministry of the Interior. (2023). //Sixth Report of the Federal Republic of Germany in accordance with Article 25 (2) of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities//. Council of Europe. [[https://rm.coe.int/6th-sr-germany-en/1680adeb8f]])) ((Minority Secretariat. (n.d.). Autochtonous minorities. [[https://www.minderheitensekretariat.de/en/autochthonous-minorities/]])).
  
 ==== Legislation on national level ==== ==== Legislation on national level ====
  
-According to the German Constitution, the school system is not under the supervision of the national government ((Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany in the revised version published in the Federal Law Gazette Part III, classification number 100-1, as last amended by the Act of 22 March 2025 (Federal Law Gazette 2025 I, No. 94)).+According to the German Constitution, the school system is not under the supervision of the national government ((Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection. (2025). Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany in the revised version published in the Federal Law Gazette Part III, classification number 100-1, as last amended by the Act of 22 March 2025. //Federal Law Gazette 2025 I, No. 94//. [[https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/englisch_gg/englisch_gg.html]])).
 ==== Legislation on local level ==== ==== Legislation on local level ====
  
-A Decree made by the Lower Saxony Culture Ministry on June 1st, 2019 allows Low German to be used as a language of instruction in primary and secondary schools, to be taught via e.g. elective courses in secondary schools, and to be promoted at schools in other ways such as extracurriculars ((https://www.mk.niedersachsen.de/download/144467/Schulverwaltungsblatt_6_20019_-_Amtlicher_Teil.pdf.pdf)) ((https://bildungsportal-niedersachsen.de/allgemeinbildung/unterrichtsfaecher/sprachen-und-literatur/niederdeutsch/zertifizierte-plattdeutsche/saterfriesische-schulen)).+A Decree made by the Lower Saxony Culture Ministry on June 1st, 2019 allows Low German to be used as a language of instruction in primary and secondary schools, to be taught via e.g. elective courses in secondary schools, and to be promoted at schools in other ways such as extracurriculars ((Niedersächsisches Kultusministerium. (2019, June). Die Region und die Sprachen Niederdeutsch und Saterfriesisch im Unterricht [The region and the Low German and Sater Frisian Languages in Education]. //Schulverwaltungsblatt - Amtlicher Teil//, //6/2019//, pp. 1-3. [[https://www.mk.niedersachsen.de/download/144467/Schulverwaltungsblatt_6_20019_-_Amtlicher_Teil.pdf.pdf]])) ((Bildungsportal Niedersachsen. (n.d.). //Zertifizierte Plattdeutsche/Saterfriesische Schulen// [Certified Low German/ Sater Frisian Schools]. [[https://bildungsportal-niedersachsen.de/allgemeinbildung/unterrichtsfaecher/sprachen-und-literatur/niederdeutsch/zertifizierte-plattdeutsche/saterfriesische-schulen]])).
  
 ==== Bodies controlling enforcement on education on the language ==== ==== Bodies controlling enforcement on education on the language ====
  
-The State of Lower Saxony awards the title "Low German School" to schools that meet certain requirements. The State lists these requirements as follows (paraphrased; translation by author of the wiki page) ((https://bildungsportal-niedersachsen.de/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=19622&token=be22ab219cebf4d822b34b8fb7b2ec976c5654c7)):+The State of Lower Saxony awards the title "Low German School" to schools that meet certain requirements. The State lists these requirements as follows (paraphrased; translation by author of the wiki page) ((Regionale Landesämter für Schule und Bildung. (2025, January). //Voraussetzungen für eine Auszeichnung als Plattdeutsche/Saterfriesische Schule// [Requirements for a designation as Low German/ Sater Frisian School]. Bildungsportal Niedersachsen. [[https://bildungsportal-niedersachsen.de/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=19622&token=be22ab219cebf4d822b34b8fb7b2ec976c5654c7]])):
  
   - The Low German region and language are part of the school's mission statement and identity.   - The Low German region and language are part of the school's mission statement and identity.
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 ==== Institutional support ==== ==== Institutional support ====
    
-The Plattdüütskbüro (//"Low German Office"//) of the Ostfriesische Landschaft supports kindergartens and schools with integrating Low German into their programs ((https://platt.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/)) ((https://www.niederdeutschsekretariat.de/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/PlattdeutschKindergarten.pdf)) ((https://platt.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/projekte/auszeichnungen/)).+The Plattdüütskbüro (//"Low German Office"//) of the Ostfriesische Landschaft supports kindergartens and schools with integrating Low German into their programs ((Ostfriesische Landschaft. (n.d.). //Plattdüütskbüro// [Low German Office]. [[https://platt.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/]])) ((Ostfriesische Landschaft. (n.d.). //Auszeichnungen// [Awards]. [[https://platt.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/projekte/auszeichnungen/]])) ((Kammler, G. (2015). Das Netzwerk der Ostfriesischen Landschaft. In C. Ehlers & R. Goltz (Eds.), //Wat hest du seggt? Plattdüütsch in‘n Kinnergoorn// [What did you say? Low German in kindergarten] (46th ed.) (pp. 34-46). Bundesraat för Nedderdüütsch. [[https://www.niederdeutschsekretariat.de/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/PlattdeutschKindergarten.pdf]])).
  
 ==== Financial support ==== ==== Financial support ====
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 ==== Language learning materials ==== ==== Language learning materials ====
  
-The Plattdüütskbüro of the Ostfriesische Landschaft creates Language learning materials for East Frisian Low Saxon ((https://platt.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/)) ((https://platt.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/projekte/lehrbuch/)). It is also part of the State-wide working group 'Platt is cool' ((https://www.platt-is-cool.de/)), which works on language learning materials. The Platdüütskbüro also helps schools and kindergartens develop Low German school materials ((https://platt.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/)).+The Plattdüütskbüro of the Ostfriesische Landschaft creates Language learning materials for East Frisian Low Saxon ((Ostfriesische Landschaft. (n.d.). //Plattdüütskbüro// [Low German Office]. [[https://platt.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/]])) ((Ostfriesische Landschaft. (n.d.). //Lehrbuch im ostfriesischen Platt// [Learning book in East Frisian Low German]. [[https://platt.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/projekte/lehrbuch/]])). It is also part of the State-wide working group 'Platt is cool' ((Platt is cool. (n.d.). //Platt is cool// [Low German is cool]. [[https://www.platt-is-cool.de/]])), which works on language learning materials. The Platdüütskbüro also helps schools and kindergartens develop Low German school materials ((Ostfriesische Landschaft. (n.d.). //Plattdüütskbüro// [Low German Office]. [[https://platt.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/]])).
  
  
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 ==== Teacher support ====  ==== Teacher support ==== 
  
-The regional Expertise Center for Teacher Training in East Frisia offers continued teacher training courses for exercise games in Low German at primary and secondary level ((https://bildung.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/dateiarchiv/4930/Kurse%20Fachbereiche%201_2024.pdf)).+In 2024, the regional Expertise Center for Teacher Training in East Frisia offered continued teacher training courses for exercise games in Low German at primary and secondary level ((Kompetenzzentrum für Lehrkräftefortbildung Aurich. (2024, May 28). //Fortbildungen 2024// [Continued training courses 2024]. Ostfriesische Landschaft. [[https://bildung.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/dateiarchiv/4930/Kurse%20Fachbereiche%201_2024.pdf]])).
  
 ===== Education presence ===== ===== Education presence =====
 ==== preschool education==== ==== preschool education====
  
-In 2015, around 80 preschools in East Frisia were part of a Low German immersion program initiated by the Ostfriesische Landschaft ((https://www.niederdeutschsekretariat.de/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/PlattdeutschKindergarten.pdf)). +In 2015, around 80 preschools in East Frisia were part of a Low German immersion program initiated by the Ostfriesische Landschaft ((Kammler, G. (2015). Das Netzwerk der Ostfriesischen Landschaft. In C. Ehlers & R. Goltz (Eds.), //Wat hest du seggt? Plattdüütsch in‘n Kinnergoorn// [What did you say? Low German in kindergarten] (46th ed.) (pp. 34-46). Bundesraat för Nedderdüütsch. [[https://www.niederdeutschsekretariat.de/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/PlattdeutschKindergarten.pdf]])). 
  
 ==== primary education==== ==== primary education====
  
-There are twelve primary Low German Schools in East Frisia ((https://bildungsportal-niedersachsen.de/allgemeinbildung/unterrichtsfaecher/sprachen-und-literatur/niederdeutsch/zertifizierte-plattdeutsche/saterfriesische-schulen)).+There are twelve primary Low German Schools in East Frisia ((Bildungsportal Niedersachsen. (n.d.). //Zertifizierte Plattdeutsche/Saterfriesische Schulen// [Certified Low German/ Sater Frisian Schools]. [[https://bildungsportal-niedersachsen.de/allgemeinbildung/unterrichtsfaecher/sprachen-und-literatur/niederdeutsch/zertifizierte-plattdeutsche/saterfriesische-schulen]])).
  
 ==== secondary education==== ==== secondary education====
  
-There are five secondary Low German Schools in East Frisia ((https://bildungsportal-niedersachsen.de/allgemeinbildung/unterrichtsfaecher/sprachen-und-literatur/niederdeutsch/zertifizierte-plattdeutsche/saterfriesische-schulen)). Of these, three ((https://www.igs-ihlow.de/fachbereich/sprachen/)) ((https://www.moeoerkenschule.de/schulleben/plattdeutsch-an-der-moeoerkenschule/)) ((https://www.obs-uplengen.de/index.php/projekte/plattdeutsche-sprache)) offer Low German as an elective subject.+There are five secondary Low German Schools in East Frisia ((Bildungsportal Niedersachsen. (n.d.). //Zertifizierte Plattdeutsche/Saterfriesische Schulen// [Certified Low German/ Sater Frisian Schools]. [[https://bildungsportal-niedersachsen.de/allgemeinbildung/unterrichtsfaecher/sprachen-und-literatur/niederdeutsch/zertifizierte-plattdeutsche/saterfriesische-schulen]])). Of these, three ((Hermann-Tempel-Schule IGS Ihlow. (n.d.). //Fremdsprachen// [Foreign languages]. [[https://www.igs-ihlow.de/fachbereich/sprachen/]])) ((Möörkenschule. (n.d.). //Plattdeutsch an der Möörkenschule// [Low German at the Möörkenschule]. [[https://www.moeoerkenschule.de/schulleben/plattdeutsch-an-der-moeoerkenschule/]])) ((Oberschule Uplengen. (n.d.). //Plattdeutsche Sprache// [Low German language]. [[https://www.obs-uplengen.de/index.php/projekte/plattdeutsche-sprache]])) offer Low German as an elective subject.
  
 ====vocational education ==== ====vocational education ====
  
-There is a vocational Low German School in Wittmund. East Frisian Low Saxon is used for immersive teaching but the school does not teach it as a target language. ((https://www.bbs-wittmund.de/plattdueuetske-beroopsschool/)).+There is a vocational Low German School in Wittmund. East Frisian Low Saxon is used for immersive teaching but the school does not teach it as a target language. ((Berufsbildende Schulen für den Landkreis Wittmund. (n.d.). //Utteken van de eerst „Plattdüütske Beroopsschool“ in Oostfreesland// [Designation of the first “Low German vocational school” in East Frisia]. [[https://www.bbs-wittmund.de/plattdueuetske-beroopsschool/]])).
  
 ==== tertiary education==== ==== tertiary education====
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 ==== Organisations ==== ==== Organisations ====
  
-  * The [[https://www.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/|Ostfriesische Landschaft]] and its [[https://platt.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/|Plattdüütskbüro]]. The Ostfriesische Landschaft is the cultural municipal cooperative of the East Frisian region. It comprises the municipalities of Aurich, Emden, Leer, and Wittmund. Via its Plattdüütskbüro, it supports the use of East Frisian Low Saxon, i.a. in education.+  * The [[https://www.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/|Ostfriesische Landschaft]] and its [[https://platt.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/|Plattdüütskbüro]]. The Ostfriesische Landschaft is the cultural governing body of the East Frisian region. It comprises the municipalities of Aurich, Emden, Leer, and Wittmund. Via its Plattdüütskbüro, it supports the use of East Frisian Low Saxon, i.a. in education.
   * [[https://oostfreeske-taal.de/|Oostfreeske Taal]] is an association that supports the conservation and promotion of East Frisian Low Saxon.   * [[https://oostfreeske-taal.de/|Oostfreeske Taal]] is an association that supports the conservation and promotion of East Frisian Low Saxon.
   * The [[https://www.oostfraeisk-instituut.org/|Oostfräisk Instituut]] is an independent East Frisian Low Saxon language institute.   * The [[https://www.oostfraeisk-instituut.org/|Oostfräisk Instituut]] is an independent East Frisian Low Saxon language institute.
languages/east_frisian_in_germany_under_construction.1759936702.txt.gz · Last modified: by jasmijn.van.beek