Differences

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--- languages:dutch_sign_language_in_nl [2020/09/08 10:16] – [Language vitality according to:] ydwine
+++ languages:dutch_sign_language_in_nl [2024/10/16 10:18] (current) – [Language vitality according to:] ydwine
@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 ==== Language vitality according to: ====
-^ [[http://www.unesco.org/languages-atlas/|UNESCO]] ^ [[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/dse|Ethnologue]] ^ [[http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/7354|Endangered Languages]] ^  [[https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/dutc1253|Glottolog]]  ^
+^ [[https://en.wal.unesco.org/languages/dutch-sign-language|UNESCO]] ^ [[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/dse|Ethnologue]] ^ [[http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/7354|Endangered Languages]] ^  [[https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/dutc1253|Glottolog]]  ^
-|  -  |  {{:endangerment:blue.png?nolink|Developing}}  |  {{:endangerment:orange.png?nolink|Vunerable}}  |  {{:endangerment:yellow.png?nolink|Threatened}}  |
+|  {{:endangerment:yellow.png?nolink|Endangered/unsafe}}  |  {{:endangerment:blue.png?nolink|Stable}}  |  {{:endangerment:blue.png?nolink|Vunerable}}  |  {{:endangerment:yellow.png?nolink|Threatened}}  |
 ==== Linguistic aspects: =====
   * Classification: Sign Language → French Sign Language family. For more information, see [[http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/dutc1253|dutc1253]] at [[http://glottolog.org/|Glottolog]]
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 ===== Legislation of language education =====
-The European Union has recognized sign languages as languages in 1988 and advised the member states to officially recognize sign languages ((Schermer, T. (2012). Sign Language Planning in the Netherlands between 1980 and 2010. Sign Language Studies, 12:4, 467-493.)). Since 2003 sign languages are recognized as minority languages in the European Union.
-Dutch Sign Language is not recognized by the government of the Netherlands((Schermer, T. (2012). Sign Language Planning in the Netherlands between 1980 and 2010. Sign Language Studies, 12:4, 467-493.)) (([[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/dse|Dutch Sign Language at Ethnologue]])). In 1997, the government stated that a standardized lexicon was a condition to recognize NGT. This basic lexicon was developed((Schermer, T. (2012). Sign Language Planning in the Netherlands between 1980 and 2010. Sign Language Studies, 12:4, 467-493.)), but legal recognition has not happened. A private member's bill to recognize NGT legally is currently in progress (([[https://www.dovenschap.nl/doven-blij-wetsvoorstel-erkenning-nederlandse-gebarentaal/|Doven blij met wetsvoorstel erkenning Nederlandse Gebarentaal, article in Dovenschap]])).
+==== Legislation on European Level ====
-Despite the lack of official legal recognition, there are a few implicit legal recognitions((Schermer, T. (2012). Sign Language Planning in the Netherlands between 1980 and 2010. Sign Language Studies, 12:4, 467-493.))((Schermer, T., Vermeerbergen, M. (2004). Nederlandse Gebarentaal en Vlaamse Gebarentaal: zussen of verre nichtjes? Ons Erfdeel, 47:4, 569-575.)). For example, there is a right to education in NGT and to have sign interpreters, and organizations that do research on NGT receive subsidy. The establishment of bachelor's-degree programs in NGT teacher and interpreter training(([[https://www.studiekeuze.hu.nl/opleidingen/Leraar-Nederlandse-Gebarentaal-Tolk-NGT?_ga=2.260691343.305129541.1496066849-261961291.1495361723|Website Hogeschool Utrecht, become an interpreter]])) can also be seen as a form of recognition.
+The European Union has recognized sign languages as languages in 1988 and advised the member states to officially recognize sign languages ((Schermer, T. (2012). Sign Language Planning in the Netherlands between 1980 and 2010. Sign Language Studies, 12:4, 467-493.)). In 2003 the [[general_information:glossary_of_terms#Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE)|PACE]] recognised sign languages in their [[general_information:sign_language_legislation|Recommendation 1598 (2003): Protection of sign languages in the member states of the Council of Europe]].
+The Netherlands has not recognised NGT as a minority language under the [[general_information:international_legislation#Charter for Regional and Minority languages (1992)|Charter for Regional and Minority languages]], though there have been various calls and petitions to do so. ((Commissie Nederlandse gebarentaal (1997). //Meer dan een Gebaar.// [[https://assets.kennislink.nl/system/files/000/153/591/original/rapport_mdg_1997.pdf?1351677122]].))((Ministerie van Binnenlandse Zaken Nederland. (2019). //Zesde rapportage van Nederland: 2015-2018. Onder artikel 15, eerste lid, van het Europees Handvest voor regionale talen of talen van minderheden.// [[https://rm.coe.int/netherlandspr6-nl/1680950079]].))((Dovenschap (2017). // Tijd voor erkenning van de Nederlandse Gebarentaal//. Petities. [[https://petities.nl/petitions/tijd-voor-erkenning-van-de-nederlandse-gebarentaal?locale=cat]].))((Dovenschap (2018, Oct 18). //Notitie erkenning Nederlandse gebarentaal//. https://www.dovenschap.nl/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/20181018-Notitie-erkenning-NGT.pdf))
+==== Legislation on National Level ====
+In 1997, the government stated that a standardized lexicon was a condition to recognize NGT. This basic lexicon was developed((Schermer, T. (2012). Sign Language Planning in the Netherlands between 1980 and 2010. Sign Language Studies, 12:4, 467-493.)) After years of seeking recognition, the language was legally recognized as official language by the Dutch Parliament in September 2020 ((Parlementaire Monitor (2020). //Stemmingen in verband met het Voorstel van wet van de leden Kuiken, Dik-Faber en Van Eijs ter erkenning van de Nederlandse gebarentaal (Wet erkenning Nederlandse gebarentaal)(34562).// Retrieved from [[ https://www.parlementairemonitor.nl/9353000/1/j9vvij5epmj1ey0/vlcasv2jyxwm#p3]].)), which was approved by the Senate on October 13 2020. ((Nederlands Gebarencentrum (2021). //Erkenning Nederlandse Gebarentaal nu officiëel.// Nederlands Gebarencentrum. [[https://www.gebarencentrum.nl/Erkenning%20NGT]].)) The law came in force on March 16, 2021.
+Before this official legal recognition, there were a few implicit legal recognitions((Schermer, T. (2012). Sign Language Planning in the Netherlands between 1980 and 2010. Sign Language Studies, 12:4, 467-493.))((Schermer, T., Vermeerbergen, M. (2004). Nederlandse Gebarentaal en Vlaamse Gebarentaal: zussen of verre nichtjes? Ons Erfdeel, 47:4, 569-575.)). For example, there is a right to education in NGT and to have sign interpreters, and organizations that do research on NGT receive subsidy. Moreover, there is the establishment of bachelor's-degree programs in NGT teacher and interpreter training(([[https://www.studiekeuze.hu.nl/opleidingen/Leraar-Nederlandse-Gebarentaal-Tolk-NGT?_ga=2.260691343.305129541.1496066849-261961291.1495361723|Website Hogeschool Utrecht, become an interpreter]])).
+=== De Wet erkenning Nederlandse Gebarentaal ===
+The[[https://zoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl/stb-2021-165.html|Wet erkenning Nederlandse Gebarentaal]] (Eng: Law recognition of Dutch Sign Language) came into force on March 16, 2021. The law recognizes NGT and states the language can be used in administrative and legal communication. The law also establishes a Advisory Council, which shall advise to promote the use of NGT in society.
+=== Wet op de expertisecentra ===
+The [[https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0003549/2021-01-01|Wet op expertisecentra]] (1982) states that the entire school career of 'auditive or communicative handicapped' students should be improved by supportive measures, it also states that students from primary level to tertiary level can be supported by an interperter.  Additionaly, the [[https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0025979/2013-12-19/#Bijlage1|Besluit kerndoelen WEC]] (Eng: Decree Curricular Targets WEC), signed in 2009, states that NGT can be offered as primary language, and makes bilingual education possible with NGT as primary language and Dutch as secondary language.
 ===== Bodies controlling enforcement of educational laws: =====
@@ Line 62: / Line 77: @@
 ==== Education ====
-Since 2014, The Netherlands has a so-called //law for fitted education// (wet passend onderwijs), which has the motto "regular where possible, special when needed" ("Regulier als het kan, speciaal als het moet") ((De Boer, A. A., Van der Worp, A. J. (2016). //De impact van passend onderwijs op het SO/SBO en het VSO//. Nationaal Regieorgaan Onderwijsonderzoek. [[https://www.nro.nl/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/De-impact-van-passend-onderwijs-op-het-SO-SBO-en-het-VSO.pdf]].)). For pupils with hearing problems, this means a Committee of Research will decide, with the advice of school and parents, in which form of education the child will be placed, and for how long.((Kentalis (n.d.). //Aanmelden onderwijs.// Koninklijke Kentalis. [[https://www.kentalis.nl/aanmelden-onderwijs]].)) There are three options: light, medium and intensive:((Kentalis (n.d.). //Aanmelden onderwijs.// Koninklijke Kentalis. [[https://www.kentalis.nl/aanmelden-onderwijs]].))
+Since 2012, the //wet passend onderwijs// (Eng: law for fitted education) is in place, which has the motto "regular where possible, special when needed"((Translated from: "Regulier als het kan, speciaal als het moet")) ((De Boer, A. A., Van der Worp, A. J. (2016). //De impact van passend onderwijs op het SO/SBO en het VSO//. Nationaal Regieorgaan Onderwijsonderzoek. [[https://www.nro.nl/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/De-impact-van-passend-onderwijs-op-het-SO-SBO-en-het-VSO.pdf]].)). For pupils with hearing problems, this means a Committee of Research will decide, with the advice of school and parents, in which form of education the child will be placed, and for how long.((Kentalis (n.d.). //Aanmelden onderwijs.// Koninklijke Kentalis. [[https://www.kentalis.nl/aanmelden-onderwijs]].)) There are three options: light, medium and intensive:((Kentalis (n.d.). //Aanmelden onderwijs.// Koninklijke Kentalis. [[https://www.kentalis.nl/aanmelden-onderwijs]].))
   * Light: \\ Pupils attend a regular school with a special needs assistant;((Kentalis (n.d.). //Aanmelden onderwijs.// Koninklijke Kentalis. [[https://www.kentalis.nl/aanmelden-onderwijs]].))