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languages:dutch_sign_language_in_nl [2020/07/01 15:22]
ydwine [Schools for deaf pupils]
languages:dutch_sign_language_in_nl [2021/05/25 15:41]
ydwine [Legislation of language education]
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 ==== Language vitality according to: ==== ==== Language vitality according to: ====
-^ [[http://​www.unesco.org/​languages-atlas/​|UNESCO]] ^ [[https://​www.ethnologue.com/​language/​dse|Ethnologue]] ^ [[http://​www.endangeredlanguages.com/​lang/​7354|Endangered Languages]] ^ +^ [[http://​www.unesco.org/​languages-atlas/​|UNESCO]] ^ [[https://​www.ethnologue.com/​language/​dse|Ethnologue]] ^ [[http://​www.endangeredlanguages.com/​lang/​7354|Endangered Languages]] ​^  [[https://​glottolog.org/​resource/​languoid/​id/​dutc1253|Glottolog]]  ​
-| - | {{:​endangerment:​blue.png?​nolink|Developing}} | {{:​endangerment:​orange.png?​nolink|Vunerable}} |+   {{:​endangerment:​blue.png?​nolink|Developing}} ​  {{:​endangerment:​orange.png?​nolink|Vunerable}} ​ ​| ​ {{:​endangerment:​yellow.png?​nolink|Threatened}}  ​
 ==== Linguistic aspects: ===== ==== Linguistic aspects: =====
   * Classification:​ Sign Language → French Sign Language family. For more information,​ see [[http://​glottolog.org/​resource/​languoid/​id/​dutc1253|dutc1253]] at [[http://​glottolog.org/​|Glottolog]]   * Classification:​ Sign Language → French Sign Language family. For more information,​ see [[http://​glottolog.org/​resource/​languoid/​id/​dutc1253|dutc1253]] at [[http://​glottolog.org/​|Glottolog]]
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 ===== Legislation of language education ===== ===== Legislation of language education =====
-The European Union has recognized sign languages as languages in 1988 and advised the member states to officially recognize sign languages ((Schermer, T. (2012). Sign Language Planning in the Netherlands between 1980 and 2010. Sign Language Studies, 12:4, 467-493.)). Since 2003 sign languages are recognized as minority languages in the European Union. 
  
-Dutch Sign Language is not recognized by the government of the Netherlands((Schermer,​ T. (2012). Sign Language Planning in the Netherlands between 1980 and 2010. Sign Language Studies, 12:4, 467-493.)) (([[https://​www.ethnologue.com/​language/​dse|Dutch Sign Language at Ethnologue]])). In 1997, the government stated that a standardized lexicon was a condition to recognize NGT. This basic lexicon was developed((Schermer,​ T. (2012). Sign Language Planning in the Netherlands between 1980 and 2010. Sign Language Studies, 12:4, 467-493.)), but legal recognition has not happened. A private member'​s bill to recognize NGT legally is currently in progress (([[https://​www.dovenschap.nl/​doven-blij-wetsvoorstel-erkenning-nederlandse-gebarentaal/​|Doven blij met wetsvoorstel erkenning Nederlandse Gebarentaal,​ article in Dovenschap]])).+==== Legislation on European Level ====
  
-Despite ​the lack of official legal recognition,​ there are a few implicit legal recognitions((Schermer, T. (2012). Sign Language Planning in the Netherlands between 1980 and 2010. Sign Language Studies, 12:4, 467-493.))((Schermer, T., Vermeerbergen,​ M. (2004). Nederlandse Gebarentaal en Vlaamse Gebarentaalzussen ​of verre nichtjes? Ons Erfdeel, 47:4, 569-575.)). For example, there is a right to education in NGT and to have sign interpreters,​ and organizations that do research on NGT receive subsidy. The establishment of bachelor'​s-degree programs ​in NGT teacher and interpreter training(([[https://​www.studiekeuze.hu.nl/​opleidingen/​Leraar-Nederlandse-Gebarentaal-Tolk-NGT?​_ga=2.260691343.305129541.1496066849-261961291.1495361723|Website Hogeschool Utrecht, become an interpreter]])) can also be seen as a form of recognition.+The European Union has recognized sign languages as languages in 1988 and advised ​the member states to officially recognize sign languages ​((Schermer, T. (2012). Sign Language Planning in the Netherlands between 1980 and 2010. Sign Language Studies, 12:4, 467-493.)). ​In 2003 the [[general_information:glossary_of_terms#​Parliamentary Assembly ​of the Council of Europe (PACE)|PACE]] recognised ​sign languages ​in their [[general_information:sign_language_legislation|Recommendation 1598 (2003): Protection of sign languages in the member states of the Council of Europe]].
  
 +
 +The Netherlands has not recognised NGT as a minority language under the [[general_information:​international_legislation#​Charter for Regional and Minority languages (1992)|Charter for Regional and Minority languages]].
 +
 +==== Legislation on National Level ====
 +
 +In 1997, the government stated that a standardized lexicon was a condition to recognize NGT. This basic lexicon was developed((Schermer,​ T. (2012). Sign Language Planning in the Netherlands between 1980 and 2010. Sign Language Studies, 12:4, 467-493.)) After years of seeking recognition,​ the language was legally recognized as official language by the Dutch Parliament in September 2020 ((Parlementaire Monitor (2020). //​Stemmingen in verband met het Voorstel van wet van de leden Kuiken, Dik-Faber en Van Eijs ter erkenning van de Nederlandse gebarentaal (Wet erkenning Nederlandse gebarentaal)(34562).//​ Retrieved from [[ https://​www.parlementairemonitor.nl/​9353000/​1/​j9vvij5epmj1ey0/​vlcasv2jyxwm#​p3]].)),​ which was approved by the Senate on October 13 2020. ((Nederlands Gebarencentrum (2021). //Erkenning Nederlandse Gebarentaal nu officiëel.//​ Nederlands Gebarencentrum. [[https://​www.gebarencentrum.nl/​Erkenning%20NGT]].)) The law came in force on March 16, 2021.
 +
 +Before this official legal recognition,​ there were a few implicit legal recognitions((Schermer,​ T. (2012). Sign Language Planning in the Netherlands between 1980 and 2010. Sign Language Studies, 12:4, 467-493.))((Schermer,​ T., Vermeerbergen,​ M. (2004). Nederlandse Gebarentaal en Vlaamse Gebarentaal:​ zussen of verre nichtjes? Ons Erfdeel, 47:4, 569-575.)). For example, there is a right to education in NGT and to have sign interpreters,​ and organizations that do research on NGT receive subsidy. Moreover, there is the establishment of bachelor'​s-degree programs in NGT teacher and interpreter training(([[https://​www.studiekeuze.hu.nl/​opleidingen/​Leraar-Nederlandse-Gebarentaal-Tolk-NGT?​_ga=2.260691343.305129541.1496066849-261961291.1495361723|Website Hogeschool Utrecht, become an interpreter]])).
 +
 +=== De Wet erkenning Nederlandse Gebarentaal ===
 +
 +The[[https://​zoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl/​stb-2021-165.html|Wet erkenning Nederlandse Gebarentaal]] (Eng: Law recognition of Dutch Sign Language) came into force on March 16, 2021. The law recognizes NGT and states the language can be used in administrative and legal communication. The law also establishes a Advisory Council, which shall advise to promote the use of NGT in society. ​
 +
 +=== Wet op de expertisecentra ===
 +
 +The [[https://​wetten.overheid.nl/​BWBR0003549/​2021-01-01|Wet op expertisecentra]] (1982) states that the entire school career of '​auditive or communicative handicapped'​ students should be improved by supportive measures, it also states that students from primary level to tertiary level can be supported by an interperter. ​ Additionaly,​ the [[https://​wetten.overheid.nl/​BWBR0025979/​2013-12-19/#​Bijlage1|Besluit kerndoelen WEC]] (Eng: Decree Curricular Targets WEC), signed in 2009, states that NGT can be offered as primary language, and makes bilingual education possible with NGT as primary language and Dutch as secondary language. ​
 ===== Bodies controlling enforcement of educational laws: ===== ===== Bodies controlling enforcement of educational laws: =====
  
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   * The Rudolf Mees Institute in Rotterdam started bilingual projects and teamteaching in 1991. The first grades are bilingual, while the higher grades focus more on NGT,    * The Rudolf Mees Institute in Rotterdam started bilingual projects and teamteaching in 1991. The first grades are bilingual, while the higher grades focus more on NGT, 
   * The J.C. Ammanschool in Amsterdam provides primary and secondary education. It applies teamteaching and teaches subjects in both Dutch and NGT. They focus on the content and communication instead of the specific language and have developed their own colour system for writing in Dutch. ​   * The J.C. Ammanschool in Amsterdam provides primary and secondary education. It applies teamteaching and teaches subjects in both Dutch and NGT. They focus on the content and communication instead of the specific language and have developed their own colour system for writing in Dutch. ​
-  * The Guyot Institute for the Deaf in Groningen provides primary and secondary education for deaf and hearing impaired children. It was the first to adopt a bilingual policy and hired more deaf signers as teachers and other personnel. It is the only one that offers bilingual secondary education at HAVO level (higher general secondary education) in the Netherlands. From the beginning of the curriculum, mostly NGT is used and teamteaching is applied here as well. The school also offers accomodation for pupils who live too far away to commute every day. Due to [[languages:​dutch_sign_language_in_nl#​Education|educational reform]] which aims to place all students in regular schools, the Dutch State has decided ​to close this accomodation ​as soon as it is no longer needed, as the accomodation is not seen as an essential expense for education ((Doof. (2015, December 15). //​Doveninternaat Haren dicht//. [[https://​www.doof.nl/​algemeen/​doveninternaat-haren-dicht-29422/​]].))((NOS. (2016, February 10). //Dekker blijft bij sluiting doveninternaat//​. [[https://​nos.nl/​artikel/​2085965-dekker-blijft-bij-sluiting-doveninternaat.html]].)).+  * The Guyot Institute for the Deaf in Groningen provides primary and secondary education for deaf and hearing impaired children. It was the first to adopt a bilingual policy and hired more deaf signers as teachers and other personnel. It is the only one that offers bilingual secondary education at HAVO level (higher general secondary education) in the Netherlands. From the beginning of the curriculum, mostly NGT is used and teamteaching is applied here as well. The school also offers accomodation for pupils who live too far away to commute every day. In 2015, due to  ​the ​[[languages:​dutch_sign_language_in_nl#​Education|educational reform]] which aims to place all students in regular schools, the Dutch State wanted ​to close this accomodation,​ as it was not seen as an essential expense for education ((Doof. (2015, December 15). //​Doveninternaat Haren dicht//. [[https://​www.doof.nl/​algemeen/​doveninternaat-haren-dicht-29422/​]].))((NOS. (2016, February 10). //Dekker blijft bij sluiting doveninternaat//​. [[https://​nos.nl/​artikel/​2085965-dekker-blijft-bij-sluiting-doveninternaat.html]].)), however, this was rejected by a motion in the  Dutch Parliament in 2016.((RTV Noord (February 18, 2016). //​Doveninternaat in Haren blijft open .// [[https://​www.rtvnoord.nl/​nieuws/​159749/​Doveninternaat-in-Haren-blijft-open]].))
   * The Institute for the Deaf Effatha in The Hague provides provide primary, secondary, and adult education. It already establishes a basis for bilingualism in preschool. The first grades are bilingual, and the pupils learn Dutch using their first language, NGT((Soeters,​ M. (1999). Gebaren uit de doofpot. Studie naar doven, tweetaligheid en de ontwikkeling van toetsmateriaal in de Nederlandse Gebarentaal. Retrieved from: [[http://​arno.uvt.nl/​show.cgi?​fid=89473]]))((Schermer,​ T. (2012). Sign Language Planning in the Netherlands between 1980 and 2010. Sign Language Studies, 12:4, 467-493.)).   * The Institute for the Deaf Effatha in The Hague provides provide primary, secondary, and adult education. It already establishes a basis for bilingualism in preschool. The first grades are bilingual, and the pupils learn Dutch using their first language, NGT((Soeters,​ M. (1999). Gebaren uit de doofpot. Studie naar doven, tweetaligheid en de ontwikkeling van toetsmateriaal in de Nederlandse Gebarentaal. Retrieved from: [[http://​arno.uvt.nl/​show.cgi?​fid=89473]]))((Schermer,​ T. (2012). Sign Language Planning in the Netherlands between 1980 and 2010. Sign Language Studies, 12:4, 467-493.)).
  
languages/dutch_sign_language_in_nl.txt · Last modified: 2021/05/25 17:07 by ydwine

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