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--- languages:drents_in_the_netherlands [2025/11/03 14:59] – [primary education] ydwine
+++ languages:drents_in_the_netherlands [2025/11/03 15:11] (current) – [National legislation on minority language education] ydwine
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 In 1987, the Ministry of Culture, Recreation and Social Work and the provincial government of Drenthe funded the establishment of  //Centrum veur taol en letterkunde Drentse Taol// (abbreviated to: //Drentse Taol//; English: Centre for language and linguistics of the Drents Language). The aim of this organisation was to promote, develop, and support cultural activities regarding the Drents language ((Geheugen van Drenthe. (n.d.). //Centrum veur taol en letterkunde Drentse Taol// [Centre for language and linguistics of the Drents Language]. Geheugen van Drenthe. Retrieved June 23, 2025, from [[https://geheugenvandrenthe.nl/encyclopedie-drenthe/drentse-taol-centrum-veur-taol-en-letterkunde]].)). Regarding education, //Drentse Taol// covered pre-school education, primary education, secondary education, higher education, and adult education. In 2007, //Drentse Taol// merged into the new organisation //Huus van de Taol// (English: House of the Language)((Geheugen van Drenthe. (n.d.). //Centrum veur taol en letterkunde Drentse Taol// [Centre for language and linguistics of the Drents Language]. Geheugen van Drenthe. Retrieved June 23, 2025, from [[https://geheugenvandrenthe.nl/encyclopedie-drenthe/drentse-taol-centrum-veur-taol-en-letterkunde]].)), which continues to promote the education of Drents and creates Drents teaching materials. It does so at the levels of pre-school education, primary education, secondary education, higher education, and adult education ((Huus van de Taol (n.d.) //Drents op School //[Drents at School]. Huus van de Taol. Retrieved June 23, 2025, from [[https://huusvandetaol.nl/nl/wat-we-doen/drents-leren/drents-op-school/]].)).
+Since 1993, attainment targets (Dutch: //kerndoelen//) for primary and the lower years of secondary education have been established for the mandatory curriculum subjects on a national level. Low Saxon has not been mentioned explicitly. Therefore, in 2019, the organisation //IJsselacademie// (a knowledge institute for regional history and Low Saxon language and culture) initiated the development of five attainment targets for Low Saxon in primary education ((Huus van de Taol. (n.d.). //Kerndoelen Nedersaksisch// [Attainment Targets Low Saxon]. Huus van de Taol. Retrieved June 23, 2025, from [[https://huusvandetaol.nl/nl/kerndoelen-nedersaksisch/]].)). The five attainment targets for Low Saxon are based on sixteen attainment targets and five basic skills from the official attainment targets for e.g. Dutch, Frisian, English, and world orientation, and cover language attitudes, processing information, speaking skills & vocabulary, writing skills, and history ((Huus van de Taol. (n.d.). //Kerndoelen Nedersaksisch// [Attainment Targets Low Saxon]. Huus van de Taol. Retrieved June 23, 2025, from [[https://huusvandetaol.nl/nl/kerndoelen-nedersaksisch/]].)).
 In 1998, the Netherlands recognised Low Saxon, and thus Drents as well, as a regional or minority language under part II of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages ((European Charter for Regional or Minority languages, ETS 148. (1992). [[https://rm.coe.int/1680695175]].)), and in 2018, the Dutch government and several provincial governments signed the Covenant on the Recognition by The Netherlands of the Low Saxon Regional Language. Though the Covenant does not state concrete undertakings for Drents in education, it was the direct cause for the establishment of the Low Saxon department of the educational teacher association //Levende Talen// (English: Living Languages)((Levende Talen Nedersaksisch. (n.d.) //Over ons// [About us]. Retrieved June 23, 2025, from [[https://ltnedersaksisch.nl/over-ons/]].)).
-Since 1993, attainment targets (Dutch: //kerndoelen//) for primary and the lower years of secondary education have been established for the mandatory curriculum subjects on a national level. Low Saxon has not been mentioned explicitly. Therefore, in 2019, the organisation //IJsselacademie// (a knowledge institute for regional history and Low Saxon language and culture) initiated the development of five attainment targets for Low Saxon in primary education ((Huus van de Taol. (n.d.). //Kerndoelen Nedersaksisch// [Attainment Targets Low Saxon]. Huus van de Taol. Retrieved June 23, 2025, from [[https://huusvandetaol.nl/nl/kerndoelen-nedersaksisch/]].)). The five attainment targets for Low Saxon are based on sixteen attainment targets and five basic skills from the official attainment targets for e.g. Dutch, Frisian, English, and world orientation, and cover language attitudes, processing information, speaking skills & vocabulary, writing skills, and history ((Huus van de Taol. (n.d.). //Kerndoelen Nedersaksisch// [Attainment Targets Low Saxon]. Huus van de Taol. Retrieved June 23, 2025, from [[https://huusvandetaol.nl/nl/kerndoelen-nedersaksisch/]].)). New official and national attainment targets are in development and are expected to be adopted in August 2026 ((Rijksoverheid. (n.d.). //Vernieuwen curriculum primair onderwijs en voortgezet onderwijs// [Renewal curriculum primary education and secondary education]. Rijkoverheid. Retrieved 23 June, 2025, from [[https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/onderwerpen/toekomst-onderwijs/toekomstgericht-curriculum]].)). Drafts of these new attainment targets published in 2025 include sub-targets for Dutch lessons in primary as well as secondary education such as: 'to provide space for the various languages and language varieties of pupils'((SLO. (2025). //Functionele kerndoelen voor Nederlands en rekenen en wiskunde// [Functional attainment targets for Dutch, arithmetics and mathematics]. SLO. [[https://www.actualisatiekerndoelen.nl/updates/kerndoelen-nederlands-en-rekenen-en-wiskunde-gepubliceerd-3]]. original text in Dutch: 'ruimte bieden aan verschillende talen en taalvariëteiten van leerlingen.'))((SLO. (2025, April 28). //Definitieve conceptkerndoelen Nederlands herziene versie 2025 inclusief toelichtingsdocument// [Final draft attainment targets Dutch revised version 2025 including explanatory document]. SLO. [[https://www.slo.nl/thema/meer/actualisatie-kerndoelen-examenprogramma/actualisatie-kerndoelen/definitieve-conceptkerndoelen-nederlands/@24174/definitieve-conceptkerndoelen-nederlands/]]. original text in Dutch: 'ruimte bieden aan verschillende talen en taalvariëteiten van leerlingen.')). Though these attainment targets establish more opportunities to include home languages and multilingualism, Low Saxon is not mentioned explicitly. For comparison, attainment targets for [[languages:frisian_in_the_netherlands|Frisian]] in primary education have been in place since 1993, and for secondary education since 2006. In light of the new attainment targets, the //Onderwijsraad// (Council for Education) published the advisory report 'Talige diversiteit benutten' (English: Make use of linguistic diversity), on how to use home languages in the classroom ((Onderwijsraad. (2025). [[https://www.onderwijsraad.nl/documenten/2025/09/04/talige-diversiteit-benutten]].)). The three main recommendations are: 1) for schools to draft a policy that makes use of linguistic diversity; 2) to invest in support, training, and further professional development; and 3) to highlight legal opportunities for linguistic diversity in education.
 The current legislation allows schools to teach and/or use Drents, with certain requirements in place (see Legislation of language education). There are a few organisations and initiatives which promote Drents in education (e.g. //Huus van de Taol//, //Levende Talen Nedersaksisch//, or the educational project //Bevordering Drents en Duits in het onderwijs// (English: The promotion of Drents and German in education). Nevertheless, Drents does not have a structural place in education in Drenthe (e.g. ((Committee of Experts of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Language. (2022). //Seventh Evaluation Report on the Netherlands//. Council of Europe. [[https://rm.coe.int/netherlandsecrml7-en/1680aa8930]].))((Driessen, G. (2005). In Dutch? Usage of Dutch Regional Languages and Dialects. //Language, Culture and Curriculum,// 18:3, 271-285.))((Ministry of Interior Affairs and Kingdom Relations. (2021). //European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages: Seventh periodical report presented to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe in accordance with Article 15 of the Charter - Netherlands.// Council of Europe. [[https://rm.coe.int/netherlandspr7-en/1680a2abe8]].))).
+Change maye come for the presence of Drents in education, as new official and national attainment targets are in development and are expected to be adopted in August 2026 ((Rijksoverheid. (n.d.). //Vernieuwen curriculum primair onderwijs en voortgezet onderwijs// [Renewal curriculum primary education and secondary education]. Rijkoverheid. Retrieved 23 June, 2025, from [[https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/onderwerpen/toekomst-onderwijs/toekomstgericht-curriculum]].)). Drafts of these new attainment targets published in 2025 include sub-targets for Dutch lessons in primary as well as secondary education such as: 'to provide space for the various languages and language varieties of pupils'((SLO. (2025). //Functionele kerndoelen voor Nederlands en rekenen en wiskunde// [Functional attainment targets for Dutch, arithmetics and mathematics]. SLO. [[https://www.actualisatiekerndoelen.nl/updates/kerndoelen-nederlands-en-rekenen-en-wiskunde-gepubliceerd-3]]. original text in Dutch: 'ruimte bieden aan verschillende talen en taalvariëteiten van leerlingen.'))((SLO. (2025, April 28). //Definitieve conceptkerndoelen Nederlands herziene versie 2025 inclusief toelichtingsdocument// [Final draft attainment targets Dutch revised version 2025 including explanatory document]. SLO. [[https://www.slo.nl/thema/meer/actualisatie-kerndoelen-examenprogramma/actualisatie-kerndoelen/definitieve-conceptkerndoelen-nederlands/@24174/definitieve-conceptkerndoelen-nederlands/]]. original text in Dutch: 'ruimte bieden aan verschillende talen en taalvariëteiten van leerlingen.')). These attainment targets establish more opportunities to include home languages and multilingualism, though Low Saxon is not mentioned explicitly. For comparison, attainment targets for [[languages:frisian_in_the_netherlands|Frisian]] in primary education have been in place since 1993, and for secondary education since 2006. Nevertheless, in light of the new attainment targets, the //Onderwijsraad// (Council for Education) published the advisory report 'Talige diversiteit benutten' (English: Make use of linguistic diversity), on how to use home languages in the classroom ((Onderwijsraad. (2025). [[https://www.onderwijsraad.nl/documenten/2025/09/04/talige-diversiteit-benutten]].)). The three main recommendations are: 1) for schools to draft a policy that makes use of linguistic diversity; 2) to invest in support, training, and further professional development; and 3) to highlight legal opportunities for linguistic diversity in education. In reaction to this advisory report, four Low Saxon organisations published the //Handreiking Streektaalonderwijs met lesbrief// (English: Guidelines for regional language education with lesson plan), including example lessons for Drents in primary education (see [[drents_in_the_netherlands#Language learning materials and projects|Language learning materials and projects]]).
 ===== Legislation of language education =====
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   * Primary education (4-12 years)
 In primary education, the [[https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0003420/2023-01-01/0|Wet op het primair onderwijs]] (English: Primary Education Act) states that, when 'a regional language which is in living use', this language can be also be used as the medium of instruction, besides Dutch ((Wet op het primair onderwijs [Eng: Primary Education Act]. (1981, July 2). [[https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0003420/2023-01-01/0]].)). This allows for the use of Drents, as underlined by the Covenant on the Recognition by The Netherlands of the Low Saxon Regional Language.
+Since 1993, attainment targets (Dutch: //kerndoelen//) for primary education have been established for the mandatory curriculum subjects on a national level. Low Saxon has not been mentioned explicitly (also see [[drents_in_the_netherlands#History of language education|History of language education]].
   * Secondary education (12-16/18 years)
 The //Wet op het voortgezet onderwijs// (English: Secondary Education Act) allows teachers and pupiles to deviate from Dutch as the language of instruction when the subject is about that language, or when it is necessary to do so for pupils because of their linguistic background ((Wet voortgezet onderwijs 2020, BWBR0044212 [Secondary Education Act of 2020]. (2020, September 30). Retrieved October 15, 2024, from [[https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0044212/2024-01-01/0]].)).
+Since 1993, attainment targets (Dutch: //kerndoelen//) for the lower years of secondary education have been established for the mandatory curriculum subjects on a national level. Low Saxon has not been mentioned explicitly (also see [[drents_in_the_netherlands#History of language education|History of language education]].
   * Vocational education (≥ 16 years)
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 The educational project //Bevordering Drents en Duits in het onderwijs// (English: The promotion of Drents and German in education) ran from 2015-2023 (later called //Versterking Drents en Duits in het onderwijs//; English: The reinforcement of Drents and German in education). The project used CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning) as a methodology to promote both Drents as well as the neighouring language German in education in Drenthe. It created a platform with multilingual activities, Digi+, for teachers, as well as a lesson plan for a multilingual day in class. Digi+ was incorporated into [[https://digitaol.nl/|Digitaol]] afterwards.
   * **Leskist ‘Speulenderwies’**
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 ====teacher education====
-The department for primary teacher training (Dutch: pabo) of NHL Stenden Hogeschool in Emmen offers Drents courses as part of the curriculum, in collaboration with Huus van de Taol. As a set course assignment, students are tasked to create Drents teaching materials((Levende Talen Nedersaksisch. (n.d.). //Nedersaksisch in het onderwijs// [Low Saxon in education]. Levende Talen Nedersaksisch. Retrieved June 23, 2025, from [[https://ltnedersaksisch.nl/onderwijs/]].))((Huus van de Taol. (2024). //Jaorverslag van het Huus van de Taol - 2023// [Annual report of the Huus van de Taol - 2023]. Huus van de Taol. [[https://huusvandetaol.nl/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Jaorverslag-2023-Huus-van-de-Taol-.pdf]].)).
+The department for primary teacher training (Dutch: pabo) of NHL Stenden Hogeschool in Emmen offers Drents courses as part of the curriculum, in cooperation with Huus van de Taol. As a set course assignment, students are tasked to create Drents teaching materials((Levende Talen Nedersaksisch. (n.d.). //Nedersaksisch in het onderwijs// [Low Saxon in education]. Levende Talen Nedersaksisch. Retrieved June 23, 2025, from [[https://ltnedersaksisch.nl/onderwijs/]].))((Huus van de Taol. (2024). //Jaorverslag van het Huus van de Taol - 2023// [Annual report of the Huus van de Taol - 2023]. Huus van de Taol. [[https://huusvandetaol.nl/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Jaorverslag-2023-Huus-van-de-Taol-.pdf]].)).
 ====higher education====