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languages:breton_in_france [2021/05/26 16:14] ydwine [Education in practice] |
languages:breton_in_france [2021/05/27 11:06] ydwine |
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====== Breton in France ====== | ====== Breton in France ====== | ||
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+ | ===== Mercator's Regional Dossier ===== | ||
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+ | [[https://www.mercator-research.eu/fileadmin/mercator/documents/regional_dossiers/breton_in_france_3rd.pdf|{{:images:dossier.png?nolink|}}]]The Breton language education is also described in[[https://www.mercator-research.eu/fileadmin/mercator/documents/regional_dossiers/breton_in_france_3rd.pdf| Mercator's Regional Dossier (2019).]] | ||
==== Language designations: ==== | ==== Language designations: ==== | ||
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==== Language standardization: ===== | ==== Language standardization: ===== | ||
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+ | Breton knows several varieties, with Kerneveg, Leoneg, Tregerieg in the centre and north-western part of Brittany, and Gwenedeg in the southeast.((Vallerie, M. & Bouroulleg, C. (2019). Breton: The Breton language in education in France (3rd ed.). Mercator European Research Centre on Multilingualismand Language Learning.)) | ||
Breton has known many ortographies, and Breton has been written since the 6th Century((Ager, S. (n.d.). //Breton (ar brezhoneg)//. Omniglot. [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/breton.htm]].)). In the 20th century, several orthographies were produced to try encompass the regional variations an/or to create a universal spelling: | Breton has known many ortographies, and Breton has been written since the 6th Century((Ager, S. (n.d.). //Breton (ar brezhoneg)//. Omniglot. [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/breton.htm]].)). In the 20th century, several orthographies were produced to try encompass the regional variations an/or to create a universal spelling: | ||
- | * 1941:Peurunvan('totally unified')/zedacheg (for digraph zh)/KLTGw (the four variety's initials). | + | * 1941: Peurunvan('totally unified')/zedacheg (for digraph zh)/KLTGw (the four variety's initials). |
+ | * Peurunvan remains the most popular in use((Gutman, A. & Avanzati, B. (2013).//Breton.//The Language Gulper.[[http://www.languagesgulper.com/eng/Breton.html]].)) ((Ager, S. (n.d.). //Breton (ar brezhoneg)//. Omniglot. [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/breton.htm]].)). | ||
* 1954: Orthographie Universitaire | * 1954: Orthographie Universitaire | ||
* 1970: Etrerannyezhel (‘interdialectal’) | * 1970: Etrerannyezhel (‘interdialectal’) | ||
- | Peurunvan remains the most popular in use((Gutman, A. & Avanzati, B. (2013).//Breton.//The Language Gulper.[[http://www.languagesgulper.com/eng/Breton.html]].)) ((Ager, S. (n.d.). //Breton (ar brezhoneg)//. Omniglot. [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/breton.htm]].)). | + | A unified language has emerged in the 20th century, a development which has been reinforced by the development of bilingual education and by the media.((Vallerie, M. & Bouroulleg, C. (2019). Breton: The Breton language in education in France (3rd ed.). Mercator European Research Centre on Multilingualismand Language Learning.)) In 2019, almost all speakers under the age of 50 could read and write the language to some extent.((Vallerie, M. & Bouroulleg, C. (2019). Breton: The Breton language in education in France (3rd ed.). Mercator European Research Centre on Multilingualismand Language Learning.)) |
===== Demographics ===== | ===== Demographics ===== |
Mercator's wiki on minority language education by Mercator European Research Centre on Multilingualism and Language Learning
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