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--- languages:amelands_in_the_netherlands_under_construction [2025/10/07 16:04] – [Adult education] jildoukooke
+++ languages:amelands_in_the_netherlands_under_construction [2025/10/07 16:17] (current) – [Language vitality according to:] jildoukooke
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 ^  [[https://en.wal.unesco.org/|UNESCO]]  ^  [[https://www.ethnologue.com/|Ethnologue]]  ^  [[http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/|Endangered Languages]]  ^  [[https://glottolog.org/| Glottolog]]  ^
-| //-// | //-// | //-// |  //-//  |
+| //n.a.// | //n.a.// | //n.a.// |  //n.a.//  |
 <sup> Click [[manual:colour_codes|here]] for a full overview of the language vitality colour codes. </sup>
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 Historical evidence also points to west–east asymmetry in the shift from Frisian to the mixed dialect. The Cammingha family, the noble elite based in Ballum, likely played a decisive role in initiating language shift on the island in the sixteenth century ((Dyk, S. (n.d.). //Het Amelands als Fries Nederlands mengdialect. Amelander Historie//. Retrieved September 29 2025, from https://www.amelanderhistorie.nl/products/het-amelands-als-fries-nederlands-mengdialect/)). Early documents suggest that vernacular Dutch gradually replaced Old Frisian from west to east, with Buren being the last area to abandon Frisian ((Dyk, S. (n.d.). //Het Amelands als Fries Nederlands mengdialect. Amelander Historie//. Retrieved September 29 2025, from https://www.amelanderhistorie.nl/products/het-amelands-als-fries-nederlands-mengdialect/)). This is supported by differences in vowel realisations: for example, the word //tijd// appears as //tiid// in Hollum (west) but as //tèèd// in the east, reflecting the fact that eastern Amelands developed later and adopted newer Dutch diphthongisation patterns ((Dyk, S. (n.d.). //Het Amelands als Fries Nederlands mengdialect. Amelander Historie//. Retrieved September 29 2025, from https://www.amelanderhistorie.nl/products/het-amelands-als-fries-nederlands-mengdialect/)). Thus, Amelands is not only characterised by its mixed Frisian–Dutch features but also by strong internal dialect variation, making it unique among the Frisian mixed dialects.
-{{https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Ameland_map.jpg?600}}
+{{https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Ameland_map.jpg?680}}
 //Figure 1:// Map showing Ameland and its different villages ((Open Street Map (2012). //
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 No adult education programmes currently offer Amelands instruction. Adult learners have no formal opportunities to study the dialect, though local cultural organisations, such as //De Ouwe Pôlle// and //De Amelander// magazine, provide informal avenues for engagement through publications, performances, and dialect writing ((Jansen, M. (n.d.). //Amelander dialect//. Amelander Historie. Retrieved September 29 2025, from https://www.amelanderhistorie.nl/cultuur/amelander-dialect/)). These community-based activities help sustain interest in the language among older speakers despite the absence of structured courses.
-Although Amelands is absent from formal education, its community-based transmission remains remarkably strong. Nearly all islanders understand and speak the dialect, and studies show high rates of intergenerational use (Van de Velde et al., 2019). The existence of descriptive resources, including the dictionary and linguistic analyses of its grammar and phonology, provides a promising foundation for developing learning materials should future local or academic interest in teaching Amelands arise.
+Although Amelands is absent from formal education, its community-based transmission remains remarkably strong. Nearly all islanders understand and speak the dialect, and studies show high rates of intergenerational use ((Van de Velde, H., Duijff, P., Dyk, S., Heeringa, W. J., & Hoekstra, E. (2019). //Fries-Nederlandse contactvariëteiten in Fryslân: Rapport voor de Nederlandse Taalunie//.)). The existence of descriptive resources, including the dictionary and linguistic analyses of its grammar and phonology, provides a promising foundation for developing learning materials should future local or academic interest in teaching Amelands arise.
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