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-====== Aragonese in Spain  ======
-  * Language name: aragonés
-  * ISO 639-3 code: arg
-  * Glottocode: [[http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/arag1245|arag1245]]
-  * //OLAC record goes here//
-  * Vitality scores: UNESCO - definitely endangered; Egids - 6b (threatened); LEI - endangered
-  * Mercator Regional Dossier: not published yet
-----
-===== Map =====
-//More info about region//
-<olmap id="olMapFry" width="500px" height="400px" lat="42.47" lon="-0.01" zoom="6" statusbar="0" controls="0" poihoverstyle="0" baselyr="OpenStreetMap" gpxfile="" kmlfile="" geojsonfile="" summary="" >
-</olmap>
-----
-===== About the Aragonese language =====
-Aragonese is a language that belongs to the Romance branch of the Indo-European language family.  The Aragonese language has suffered a secular decline and progressive substitution by Spanish in almost the entire Aragon territory since the 15th century. Currently, Aragonese is spoken in the northern area of Aragon (the Pyrenean area) and the language is fragmented into several dialects that are closely related to each other.
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-===== Speaker number trends =====
-=== Current status ===
-In the 2011 Censo de Población y Viviendas (Population and Housing Census), the Government of Aragon included several questions regarding the knowledge and use of native languages (Aragonese or Catalan) (cf table 1). It is noteworthy that, according to the census’ answers, there are as many as 8,618 speakers of Aragonese residing in the metropolitan area of Zaragoza which, despite the fact that it is not part of the linguistic area of Aragonese, is home to many families that moved from that area as well as to a number of new Aragonese speakers (source: Government of Aragon, 2011; Seminario Aragonés de Socialingüística, 2015).
-^ Population and Housing Census of 2011 ^Can speak ^Can understand ^total population ^
-| entire Aragon |1.9% (25,556) | 3.3% (44,439) |100% (1,331,189)|
-| area of historical use |5.3% (8,425)|9.4% (14,924)|100% (159,010)|
-| area where it is a language of communication |19.4% (4,457) |28.4% (6,540)|100% (22,999)|
->Nog invoegen: referentie: Table 1: The distribution of self-declared active and passive speakers in different areas where Aragonese is spoken (source: Government of Aragon, 2011; Seminario Aragonés de Socialingüística, 2015).<
-=== Ongoing projects ===
-=== Resources ===
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-===== Preschool education =====
-=== Current status ===
-At the pre-school level, language is included in one of the three wider learning areas defined in the curriculum: “Language: Communication and Representation”. The other two learning areas are: “Self-knowledge and personal autonomy” and “Knowledge of the environment” (Order which approves the curriculum of infant education).
-In the description of the area for the first cycle, the curriculum states that in the areas where Aragonese or Catalan are spoken alongside with Spanish, those languages will be used as a medium of communication and will receive a similar treatment as Spanish. In the second cycle, a similar statement is included, but the use of the language as an instrument of communication must be done according to a project designed in the educational centre. This use of the regional languages has been offered in the second cycle curriculum since 2008.
-However, practically speaking, the language of instruction is Spanish in all cases, as no bilingual project has been proposed by schools. Some primary schools which include the second cycle of pre-school education, have Aragonese lessons, given by the same teachers as in primary education. Each school can regulate these lessons by themselves. There are schools where all the children have to take Aragonese as a compulsory subject, for example in the schools in Echo, Ansó, Torla, Broto, Fiscal, Boltanya (Boltaña), Bielsa, A Espunya (Laspuña), Chistén (Gistaín), Sant Chuan de Plan (San Juan de Plan), Sarabillo, Plan, Biescas, Pandicosa (Panticosa), Tramacastilla, Sallén (Sallent), Senegüé, Candarenas (Caldearenas). Besides, there are schools where it is offered as a voluntary subject during regular class hours (CEIP Monte Oroel, Jaca) and there are schools where it is offered as a voluntary subject after school (CEIP San Juan de la Peña, Jaca). Furthermore, there are schools where Aragonese is offered in primary education but not in pre-primary education (CEIP Asunción Pañart Montaner, Aínsa). Finally, there are schools where Aragonese is a compulsory subject during the pre-school period, but it is voluntary (e.g. Boltaña, Torla, Fiscal and Broto) or not available during primary education (e.g. Biescas, Panticosa, Tramacastilla and Sallent).  Class time ranges from 30 minutes to one hour and 45 min per week.
-=== Ongoing projects ===
-=== Resources ===
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-===== Primary education =====
-=== Current status ===
-== Legislation ==
-Primary education is regulated by the LOE (2006) and the LOMCE (2013). The application of the provisions of the LOMCE and the new curricula started in the academic year 2014/2015 for the first, third and fifth grades of primary education and progressively could attain all levels. According to the law, the purpose of primary education is to educate students in speaking, listening, reading, writing, numeracy, acquisition of basic cultural concepts, the habit of living together as well as of studying and working, artistic sense, creativity and affectivity. These aims are there in order to ensure that pupils receive a comprehensive education that contributes to the full development of their personality and prepares them to take full use of the compulsory secondary education (LOMCE, 2013, Title I, chapter II, Article 16).
-== Practice ==
-Although Aragonese could theoretically be the language of instruction, according to the primary education curriculum of Aragon, no school has exercised this option. in contrast to two schools in the Catalan-speaking areas of Aragon, where science is taught using the Catalan language as the medium of instruction.
-Since the application of the new primary education model in 2014/2015, Aragonese is a full part of the curriculum and can be offered as an elective examinational subject within the portion of school time freely allotted by each individual school board (to at most one hour and a half per week). However all the schools where Aragonese is taught, have decided up to now to keep it as a non-examination subject outside school hours. Thus, students receive Aragonese between 30 minutes and 2 hours per week, often concerning one hour in most schools.
-=== Ongoing projects ===
-=== Resources ===
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-===== Secondary education =====
-=== Current status ===
-Public centres of compulsory and non-compulsory secondary education are called Institutos de Educación Secundaria (secondary education institutes; hereafter: IES). Students who completed compulsory secondary education, have achieved the basic competences and the objectives of the stage and will be awarded a certificate, which allows them to proceed to the baccalaureate and the intermediate level of vocational training. Post-compulsory secondary education (upper secondary education) starts at the age of 16 and lasts for two years. Students can choose between a university oriented education, baccalaureate, which enables them to access higher education or superior vocational training, and an intermediate vocational training branch. After this intermediate vocational programme, students can also enter the superior vocational training if they do not directly want to enter the labour market.
-In the current curriculum for secondary education, established in 2007, it is possible to use Aragonese as a language of instruction for multiple courses, but this has not yet been done. The curriculum does not detail the content and pedagogical aspects of the Aragonese subject. These aspects were developed in a new ESO-level curriculum, adapted to the LOMCE (Orden de 15 de mayo de 2015, de la Consejera de Educación, Universidad, Cultura y Deporte (Minister of Education, University, Culture and Sports) who establishes the curriculum of the compulsory secondary education and authorizes their implementation in the schools of the autonomous community of Aragon.  However, it has not been applied as the new Aragonese government elected in May 2015 suspended the application of all the LOMCE curricula in compulsory and non-compulsory secondary education.
-== Legislation ==
-According to the LOMCE, the aim of compulsory secondary education is to ensure that students who are educated in the basic cultural elements, are able to develop and consolidate study and work habits and prepare for their incorporation into higher education or the labour market (Title I, Chapter III).
-According to the LOMCE, the aim of the baccalaureate is to provide pupils with training, human-  and intellectual maturity, knowledge and skills to enable them to develop social functions and to allow them to access higher education (Title I, Chapter IV).
-== Practice ==
-Aragonese is a voluntary subject in secondary education but has been insufficiently deployed. In recent years, Aragonese has been taught as a non-curricular subject outside school time in three high schools: IES Sobrarbe in Aínsa, IES Pirineos in Jaca and IES San Alberto Magno in Sabiñánigo. In the school year 2013/2014 for the first time a specialist teacher in secondary education was incorporated (including the baccalaureate), with students registered in Aragonese receiving two hours per week of language lessons. Previously, this class was taught by a primary school teacher. In the school year 2014/2015, Aragonese has been introduced for the first time in CRA Alto Ara, which includes the first two years of secondary education.
-=== Ongoing projects ===
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-===== Adult education =====
-=== Current status ===
-The Aragonese language is taught in several adult courses throughout Aragon and not exclusively in the actual territory of the language. Therefore, in areas of central and southern Aragon like Tarazona, Calatayud, Andorra and Teruel, cultural associations teach the standard variety. The standard variety is also taught in other towns near the Pyrenees where the language has been lost. Huesca, Barbastro or Monzón, among other important cities, have introductory courses. Finally, in villages where Aragonese is still actively used, there are courses in the local variety.
-Zaragoza is the central and main city of Aragon with a population of 700,000 people. Throughout history migration took place from the rural areas to Zaragoza. The number of courses given and the numbers of students following Aragonese language courses are the highest in Zaragoza.
-=== Ongoing projects ===
-=== Resources ===
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-===== Teacher training =====
-=== Current status ===
-According to article 15 of the current LLA-2013, the government must ensure adequate initial and permanent training and, specifically, teacher training needed for the teaching of the regional languages. To access regional language teaching positions, teachers shall prove their knowledge of the language in the form that will be established by the regulation, taking into account the local varieties.
-The University of Zaragoza offers the possibility to study the Bachelor’s degree in Magisterio (teaching) both for pre-primary and primary education, which is the required degree to become a teacher in these educational stages. These degrees can be done in Huesca, Zaragoza and Teruel.
-In order to teach in secondary education, teachers must have a Bachelor’s degree (or equivalent) and they must also complete a Máster de Profesorado en Educación Secundaria (Master’s degree programme in secondary education teaching). This official master is offered by the University of Zaragoza in the campuses of Zaragoza, Huesca and Teruel.
-=== Ongoing projects ===
-=== Resources ===
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-===== Educational resources =====
-[[http://cprhuesca.org |CIFE Ana Abarca de Bolea]] (Educational Formation and Innovation Centre covering the Aragonese-speaking area)
-[[http://www.iea.es |Instituto de Estudios Altoaragoneses (High Aragon Cultural Institute)]]
-[[http://www.nogara-religada.org|Asociación Cultural Nogará-Religada (Cultural Association for language promotion and teaching)]]
-[[http://www.consello.org|Consello d’a Fabla Aragonesa (Cultural Association for language study, promotion and teaching) ]]
-[[http://www.academiadelaragones.org|Estudio de Filolochía Aragonesa (Academia de l’Aragonés) (Association created as a linguistic regulatory body in the II Congress of Aragonese)]]
-[[http://www.antropologiaaragonesa.org |Instituto Aragonés de Antropología (Aragonese Institute of Anthropology)]]
-[[http://http://fablanszaragoza.blogspot.com.es |Ligallo de Fablans de l’Aragonés (Cultural Association for language promotion and teaching)]]
-[[http://https://sites.google.com/site/sociedat|Sociedat de Lingüistica Aragonesa (Cultural Association for language study, promotion and teaching)]]
-[[http://ambistas.com|Ambistas/Anvistas (Documentary film and web-doc about Aragonese)]]
-[[http://www.acparola.com/aaa/?section=2|
-Archivo Audiovisual de l’Aragonés (Audiovisual Archive of Aragonese: repository of videos of native Aragonese speakers)]]
-[[http://www.arredol.com |Arredol.com (A digital newspaper in Aragonese)]]