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general_information:russian_legislation [2024/07/08 10:57] – [Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities] ydwinegeneral_information:russian_legislation [2024/07/08 11:09] (current) – [The Constitution of the Russian Federation 1993] ydwine
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   - The Russian Federation shall guarantee to all of its peoples the right to preserve their native language and to create conditions for its study and development.   - The Russian Federation shall guarantee to all of its peoples the right to preserve their native language and to create conditions for its study and development.
  
-Russia recognizes 22* ethnic republics, which can appeal to this Art 68 section 2 and 3:  Republic of Adygea, Altai Republic, Republic of Bashkortostan, Republic of Buryatia, Chechen Republic, Chuvash Republic, Republic of Crimea, Republic of Dagestan, Republic of Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkar Republic, Republic of Kalmykia, Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Republic of Karelia, Republic of Khakassia, Komi Republic, Mari El Republic, Republic of Mordovia, Republic of North Ossetia–Alania, Sakha Republic, Republic of Tatarstan, Tuva Republic, and Udmurt Republic. \\ +The Russian Federation recognizes 22* ethnic republics, which can appeal to this Art 68 section 2 and 3:  Republic of Adygea, Altai Republic, Republic of Bashkortostan, Republic of Buryatia, Chechen Republic, Chuvash Republic, Republic of Crimea, Republic of Dagestan, Republic of Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkar Republic, Republic of Kalmykia, Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Republic of Karelia, Republic of Khakassia, Komi Republic, Mari El Republic, Republic of Mordovia, Republic of North Ossetia–Alania, Sakha Republic, Republic of Tatarstan, Tuva Republic, and Udmurt Republic. \\ 
  
 Native languages are also covered in the Constitution under Chapter 2, Rights and Freedoms of Man and Citizen, Article 26: Native languages are also covered in the Constitution under Chapter 2, Rights and Freedoms of Man and Citizen, Article 26:
   - Everyone shall have the right to determine and indicate his nationality. No one may be forced to determine and indicate his or her nationality.   - Everyone shall have the right to determine and indicate his nationality. No one may be forced to determine and indicate his or her nationality.
   - Everyone shall have the right to use his or her native language, to a free choice of the language of communication, upbringing, education and creative work.    - Everyone shall have the right to use his or her native language, to a free choice of the language of communication, upbringing, education and creative work. 
-<sub> *this includes the Crimea, annexed by Russia in 2014. The majority (100) of the UN state members does not recognize the Crimea as part of Russia (11 member states do) ((UN. (2014) //General Assembly; Official records sixty-eighth session.// Retrieved from [[https://undocs.org/en/A/68/PV.80]].)) </sub> +<sub> *note that the Russian Federation includes the Crimea in this list, wich was annexed from Ukraine in 2014. The majority (100) of the UN state members does not recognize the Crimea as part of the Russian Federation (11 member states do) ((UN. (2014) //General Assembly; Official records sixty-eighth session.// Retrieved from [[https://undocs.org/en/A/68/PV.80]].)) </sub> 
  
 ==== Further national legislation ==== ==== Further national legislation ====
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 In July 2017, Russian President Vladimir Putin stated that all citizens must learn  Russian, and that no Russian can be forced to learn an ethnic language, even if the language is an official langauge of the republic ((Bowring, B. (2018). //Minority Language Rights in the Russian Federation: The End of a Long Tradition?// Palgrave. Retrieved from [[https://www.researchgate.net/publication /325625922_Minority_Language_Rights_in_the_Russian_Federation_The_End_of_a_Long_Tradition]].)). He said it is "impermissible to force someone to learn a language that is not [his or her] mother tongue, and to cut the number of hours of Russian language [classes at schools] in Russia's ethnic republics." In August that same year, Putin ordered federal prosecutors to check whether ethnic Russian students in the autonomous republics were being forced to learn the local languages. (([[https://www.rferl.org/a/tatarstan-minnikhanov-address-russian-tatar-language-classes/28749317.html|Article on Radio Free Europe]], September 21, 2017)) In July 2017, Russian President Vladimir Putin stated that all citizens must learn  Russian, and that no Russian can be forced to learn an ethnic language, even if the language is an official langauge of the republic ((Bowring, B. (2018). //Minority Language Rights in the Russian Federation: The End of a Long Tradition?// Palgrave. Retrieved from [[https://www.researchgate.net/publication /325625922_Minority_Language_Rights_in_the_Russian_Federation_The_End_of_a_Long_Tradition]].)). He said it is "impermissible to force someone to learn a language that is not [his or her] mother tongue, and to cut the number of hours of Russian language [classes at schools] in Russia's ethnic republics." In August that same year, Putin ordered federal prosecutors to check whether ethnic Russian students in the autonomous republics were being forced to learn the local languages. (([[https://www.rferl.org/a/tatarstan-minnikhanov-address-russian-tatar-language-classes/28749317.html|Article on Radio Free Europe]], September 21, 2017))
  
-==Modified: 23-10-2017== 
 === Developments 2018 === === Developments 2018 ===
 In June 2018, the Russian State Duma passed a draft on the voluntary teaching of non-Russian languages in a first reading. In June 2018, the Russian State Duma passed a draft on the voluntary teaching of non-Russian languages in a first reading.
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 The law limits earlier provisions for minority education, such as lowering the amount of hours from three up to five or six hours to two hours in total, one for the language and one for literature((Zamyatin, K.. (2018, July 3). //Minority language education in Russia: enforcing the voluntary teaching of non-Russian languages//. International Centre for Ethnic and Linguistic Diversity Studies. Retrieved February 24, 2020, from [[https://www.icelds.org/2018/07/03/minority-language-education-in-russia-enforcing-the-voluntary-teaching-of-non-russian-languages]].)) ((UNPO. (2018, August 2). //Minority Languages Under Siege in Russia and Crimea//. Retrieved February 24, 2020, from [[https://unpo.org/article/21003]].))  The law limits earlier provisions for minority education, such as lowering the amount of hours from three up to five or six hours to two hours in total, one for the language and one for literature((Zamyatin, K.. (2018, July 3). //Minority language education in Russia: enforcing the voluntary teaching of non-Russian languages//. International Centre for Ethnic and Linguistic Diversity Studies. Retrieved February 24, 2020, from [[https://www.icelds.org/2018/07/03/minority-language-education-in-russia-enforcing-the-voluntary-teaching-of-non-russian-languages]].)) ((UNPO. (2018, August 2). //Minority Languages Under Siege in Russia and Crimea//. Retrieved February 24, 2020, from [[https://unpo.org/article/21003]].)) 
  
-==Modified: 24-02-2020== 
  
general_information/russian_legislation.1720429068.txt.gz · Last modified: 2024/07/08 10:57 by ydwine