general_information:russian_legislation
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general_information:russian_legislation [2020/03/17 15:07] – ydwine | general_information:russian_legislation [2022/09/27 15:16] – [Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities] ydwine | ||
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- | ===== Concerning the European | + | ===== Concerning the European |
- | In 2001, the Russian Federation has signed the [[general_information: | + | ==== European Charter for Regional and Minority Languages ==== |
+ | |||
+ | In 2001, the Russian Federation has [[general_information: | ||
This means in practice that the intention to comply to the charter is indicated, but that Russia is not bound by the Charter, and that there is no reporting on the execution of the Charter. | This means in practice that the intention to comply to the charter is indicated, but that Russia is not bound by the Charter, and that there is no reporting on the execution of the Charter. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | In 1996, the Russian Federation [[general_information: | ||
+ | |||
+ | Russia states in the first report that "more than 170 peoples" | ||
+ | * Indigenous peoples: established nations or nations living in the territory of Russia for an extensive period of time | ||
+ | * Ethnic groups of a relatively more recent origin whose " | ||
+ | * Groups that do not have state entities at all (Assyrians, Karaites, Kurds and Gipsies)((Russian Federation. (2000). //Report submitted by the Russian Federation pursuant to article 25, paragraph 10F of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities.// | ||
+ | |||
+ | On March 16, 2022, the Committee of Ministers decided that the Russian Federation would no longer be a member of the Council of Europe with immediate effect. This means that the signed and ratified treaties of the Council of Europe no longer apply. | ||
===== Legislation concerning minority languages ===== | ===== Legislation concerning minority languages ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Short history ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | During the Tsarist period (1721-1917), | ||
+ | International Advances in Education: Global Initiatives for Equity and Social Justice//. Brown,E. L., and Gibbons, P. E. (Ed.). Information Age Publishing (pp. 3-25).)) ((Frank. M. J. (2017). A Clean Sweep The Grand Alliance and Population Transfer 1941-5. In: //Making Minorities History: Population Transfer in Twentieth-century Europe//. Oxford University Press (pp. 227-265)). After WWII, the emphasis on Russian continued and minority languages became subjects rather than languages of instruction. Afterwards, the ideal of united Soviet people with a common language was dominant, and Russian became the standard language of instruction, | ||
+ | <sub> // Minority Language Rights in the Russian Federation: The End of a Long Tradition?// | ||
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- The Russian Federation shall guarantee to all of its peoples the right to preserve their native language and to create conditions for its study and development. | - The Russian Federation shall guarantee to all of its peoples the right to preserve their native language and to create conditions for its study and development. | ||
- | There are 22* ethnic republics | + | Russia recognizes |
- | <sub> *this includes the Crimea, annexed by Russia in 2014. A majority of the UN state members does not recognize the Crimea as part of Russia((UN. (2014) //General Assembly; Official records sixty-eighth session.// Retrieved from [[https:// | + | |
Native languages are also covered in the Constitution under Chapter 2, Rights and Freedoms of Man and Citizen, Article 26: | Native languages are also covered in the Constitution under Chapter 2, Rights and Freedoms of Man and Citizen, Article 26: | ||
- Everyone shall have the right to determine and indicate his nationality. No one may be forced to determine and indicate his or her nationality. | - Everyone shall have the right to determine and indicate his nationality. No one may be forced to determine and indicate his or her nationality. | ||
- | - Everyone shall have the right to use his or her native language, to a free choice of the language of communication, | + | - Everyone shall have the right to use his or her native language, to a free choice of the language of communication, |
+ | <sub> *this includes the Crimea, annexed by Russia in 2014. The majority (100) of the UN state members does not recognize the Crimea as part of Russia (11 member states do) ((UN. (2014) //General Assembly; Official records sixty-eighth session.// Retrieved from [[https:// | ||
==== Further national legislation ==== | ==== Further national legislation ==== | ||
- | The possibility on education | + | The framework for Russian legislation concerning |
- | Therefore, Russian federal law on minority language remains rather ambiguous with the final part of that sentence, as there are several, and a growing amount | + | The possibility |
- | This is one example that shows the difficulty to determine current minority language rights. | + | |
+ | What is more, this one example that shows the difficulty to determine current minority language rights. | ||
=== Legislation concerning Script=== | === Legislation concerning Script=== | ||
- | In 2002, after Tatarstan attempted to adopt Latinista script for the Tatar language, | + | In 2002 the Russian Duma ruled that all languages in Russia are to be written Cyrillic script((Bowring, B., //Russian legislation in the area of minority rights//. In: Protsyk, O., & Harzl, B. (Eds.), //Managing ethnic diversity in Russia//. London (GB): Routledge; 2012, pp. 15-36)). |
+ | This was after Tatarstan attempted to adopt Latinista script for the Tatar language in 2001((Jaffe, A., Androutsopoulos, | ||
=== Amendment 2007 === | === Amendment 2007 === | ||
In 2007, an amendment to the education law was passed that increased the degree of federal control in education. This left the federal republics with less curricular room to provide education in the local languages. In fact, teaching these languages is now solely possible through implementing it in an optional part of the curriculum ((Bowring, B., //Russian legislation in the area of minority rights//. In: Protsyk, O., & Harzl, B. (Eds.), //Managing ethnic diversity in Russia//. London (GB): Routledge; 2012, pp. 15-36)). For a number of years, the situation was even bleaker, as the original incarnation of the law also forbade testing students in other languages of instruction than than Russian ((Casen, M., //Les manifestations de l' | In 2007, an amendment to the education law was passed that increased the degree of federal control in education. This left the federal republics with less curricular room to provide education in the local languages. In fact, teaching these languages is now solely possible through implementing it in an optional part of the curriculum ((Bowring, B., //Russian legislation in the area of minority rights//. In: Protsyk, O., & Harzl, B. (Eds.), //Managing ethnic diversity in Russia//. London (GB): Routledge; 2012, pp. 15-36)). For a number of years, the situation was even bleaker, as the original incarnation of the law also forbade testing students in other languages of instruction than than Russian ((Casen, M., //Les manifestations de l' | ||
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=== Developments 2012 === | === Developments 2012 === | ||
- | The Law on Education of 2012 is set of core federal laws and a number of non-core laws in order to regulate education from a federal level. ((Troshkina, | + | In 2013, the 2012 law “On education in the Russian Federation" |
=== Developments 2017 === | === Developments 2017 === | ||
- | In July 2017, Russian President Vladimir Putin suggested | + | In July 2017, Russian President Vladimir Putin stated |
==Modified: 23-10-2017== | ==Modified: 23-10-2017== |
general_information/russian_legislation.txt · Last modified: 2022/09/27 15:17 by ydwine