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general_information:international_legislation [2017/03/23 15:02]
johanneke [European covenants:]
general_information:international_legislation [2023/06/13 15:11] (current)
ydwine [Global covenants:]
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 ====== International agreements protecting minority languages ====== ====== International agreements protecting minority languages ======
 +----
 ===== About covenants protecting minority languages, and how they work ====  ===== About covenants protecting minority languages, and how they work ==== 
 Many global and transnational agreements, in the form of covenants, exist, aiming to protect minority languages. Usually, these covenants propose a number of measures to improve the situation of minority languages. If a nation decides to ratify such a covenant, it commits itself to carrying out the measures proposed. ​ Many global and transnational agreements, in the form of covenants, exist, aiming to protect minority languages. Usually, these covenants propose a number of measures to improve the situation of minority languages. If a nation decides to ratify such a covenant, it commits itself to carrying out the measures proposed. ​
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 Though most covenants cannot be enforced, they do have power: because, by ratifying the covenant, a nation makes promises, and may be reminded about keeping or breaking those. Though most covenants cannot be enforced, they do have power: because, by ratifying the covenant, a nation makes promises, and may be reminded about keeping or breaking those.
  
-===== Examples of covenants=====+===== Examples of covenants =====
 This list of conventions is not exhaustive, but aims to mentions some influential ones. This list of conventions is not exhaustive, but aims to mentions some influential ones.
 +
 ==== Global covenants: ==== ==== Global covenants: ====
-=== Covenants by the United Nations: === 
-  * [[http://​www.un.org/​esa/​socdev/​unpfii/​documents/​DRIPS_en.pdf|Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (2007)]]: protects "​indigenous peoples"​. 
-  * [[http://​www.ohchr.org/​en/​professionalinterest/​pages/​ccpr.aspx|International Covenant of Civil and Political Rights]] (1966), article 27: protects "​ethnic,​ religious or linguistic minorities"​. 
-  * All members of the United Nations are expected to comply with its policies. 
  
-=== UNESCO'​s Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage (2003) ​=== +=== Covenants by the United Nations: === 
-  * [[http://​www.unesco.org/​eri/​la/​convention.asp?​KO=17116&​language=E&​order=alpha|State parties who have ratified the Convention]] are expected to uphold its policies. +  * [[http://​www.un.org/​esa/​socdev/​unpfii/​documents/​DRIPS_en.pdf|Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples]] (2007): 
-  * Offers protection ​for: "​Intangible Cultural Heritage",​ including language. ​ +    * protects "​indigenous peoples",​ including education in own language 
-  * View the Convention  ​[[http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/en/convention|here]].+  * [[https://​www.ohchr.org/​EN/​ProfessionalInterest/​Pages/​Minorities.aspx|UN Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities ]] (1992), article 4: 
 +    * Enable and encourage minority language development and education.  
 +  * [[http://​www.ohchr.org/​en/​professionalinterest/​pages/​ccpr.aspx|International Covenant of Civil and Political Rights]] (1966), article 27: 
 +    * protects "​ethnic,​ religious or linguistic minorities"​. 
 +  * [[https://​www.ohchr.org/​en/​instruments-mechanisms/​instruments/​convention-rights-child|Convention on the Rights of the Child]] 
 +    * potects minority language use (Art. 30) and the education of a child'​s language (Art. 29, c) 
 +    
 +=== UNESCO'​s ​Declarations and Conventions === 
 +  * [[http://​portal.unesco.org/​en/​ev.php-URL_ID=13179&​URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&​URL_SECTION=201.html|Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity (2001)]] 
 +    * Offers protection for cultural diversity, including language and education thereof.  
 +    * Adopted unanimously at the General Conference((UNESCO. (2002). //Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity:a vision, a conceptual platform, a pool of ideas for implementation,​ a new paradigm//. Cultural Diversity Series (1). [[https://​unesdoc.unesco.org/​ark:/​48223/​pf0000127162]].)). All UNESCO Members States are urged to take the appropriate measurements,​ facilitate the their application,​ and to communicate to UNESCO on the developments.  
 +  * [[http://​www.unesco.org/​culture/​ich/​en/​convention|Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage (2003)]]: 
 +    * Offers protection for: "​Intangible Cultural Heritage",​ including language.  
 +    ​* [[http://​www.unesco.org/​eri/​la/​convention.asp?​KO=17116&​language=E&​order=alpha|State parties who have ratified the Convention]] are expected to uphold its policies. 
 +  
 +=== Organization ​for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)'​s recommendations === 
 +  * [[https://www.osce.org/hcnm/hague-recommendations|The Hague Recommendations Regarding the Education Rights of National Minorities (1996)]] 
 +    * Guidelines to guarantee education rights of national minorities. 
 +    * For the [[https://www.osce.org/​participating-states|57 OSCE participating States]]
  
-=== ILO Convention Concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries (1989) === +=== International Labour Organization (ILO)'s convention ​=== 
-  * [[http://​www.ilo.org/​dyn/​normlex/​en/​f?​p=1000:11300:0::NO:11300:P11300_INSTRUMENT_ID:312314|State parties who have ratified the Convention]] ​are expected to uphold its policies. +  * [[http://​www.ilo.org/​dyn/​normlex/​en/​f?​p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_ILO_CODE:C169|Convention ​Concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries (1989)]] 
-  * Offers protection for: "​indigenous peoples"​. +    * Offers protection for: "​indigenous peoples"​, including language education
-  View the Convention ​[[http://​www.ilo.org/​dyn/​normlex/​en/​f?​p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_ILO_CODE:C169|here]].+    * [[http://​www.ilo.org/​dyn/​normlex/​en/​f?​p=1000:11300:0::NO:11300:P11300_INSTRUMENT_ID:312314|23 State parties which have ratified the Convention]] are expected to uphold its policies.
  
-==== European covenants: ==== +    ​
-=== Charter for Regional and Minority languages (1992) === +
-  * Set up by the [[general_information:​glossary_of_terms#​Council of Europe|Council of Europe]] +
-  * [[http://​www.coe.int/​en/​web/​conventions/​full-list/​-/​conventions/​treaty/​148/​signatures|State parties who have ratified the Charter]] are expected to uphold its policies. +
-  * Offers protection for "​regional or minority languages” defined as languages traditionally used within a given territory of a state by nationals of that state who form a group numerically smaller than the rest of the state’s population; they are different from the official language(s) of that state, and they include neither dialects of the official language(s) of the state nor the languages of migrants.  +
-  * View the text of the Charter [[http://​www.coe.int/​en/​web/​conventions/​full-list/​-/​conventions/​rms/​0900001680695175|here]] (English version).+
  
-The Charter operates similar to other covenants: it proposes measures that nations, which ratify the Charter, should take. In the Charter'​s case, these measures are divided into two separate sets called "Part II" and "Part III": 
-  * Part II represents a set of general provisions, which apply to all minority languages within a member state'​s territory; ​ 
-  * Part III represents a set of additional provisions, which apply to a subselection of minority languages, that receive additional protection. 
-Look [[http://​www.coe.int/​en/​web/​conventions/​search-on-treaties/​-/​conventions/​treaty/​148/​declarations|here]] for an overview of which language is protected by which Part of the Charter. 
  
-To determine whether member states uphold the policies of the Charter, a delegate from the Council of Europe visits the member states every few years and reports about their compliance. 
  
general_information/international_legislation.1490277735.txt.gz · Last modified: 2017/03/23 15:02 by johanneke

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