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--- general_information:european_legislation [2020/03/17 14:54] – [European covenants concerning minority languages] ydwine
+++ general_information:european_legislation [2021/05/25 11:54] – [Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (1995)] ydwine
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-====Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (1995)====
+=====Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (1995)=====
   * Set up by the [[general_information:glossary_of_terms#Council of Europe|Council of Europe]].
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   * View the text of the Framework Convention [[https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/rms/090000168007cdac|here]] (English version).
-The Framework Convention proposes principles that nations, which ratify the Framework Convention, should respect and achieve.
+==== Priniples ====
+The Framework Convention proposes principles that nations, which ratify the Framework Convention, should respect and achieve. Concerning education, a few articles stand out:
+===Article 5===
+  - The Parties undertake to promote the conditions necessary for persons belonging to national minorities to maintain and develop their culture, and to preserve the essential elements of their identity, namely their religion, language, traditions and cultural heritage.
+  - Without prejudice to measures taken in pursuance of their general integration policy, the Parties shall refrain from policies or practices aimed at assimilation of persons belonging to national minorities against their will and shall protect these persons from any action aimed at such assimilation.
+=== Article 6 ===
+  - The Parties shall encourage a spirit of tolerance and intercultural dialogue and take effective measures to promote mutual respect and understanding and co-operation among all persons living on their territory, irrespective of those persons' ethnic, cultural, linguistic or religious identity, in particular in the fields of education, culture and the media.
+  - The Parties undertake to take appropriate measures to protect persons who may be subject to threats or acts of discrimination, hostility or violence as a result of their ethnic, cultural, linguistic or religious identity.
+=== Article 12 ===
+  - The Parties shall, where appropriate, take measures in the fields of education and research to foster knowledge of the culture, history, language and religion of their national minorities and of the majority.
+  - In this context the Parties shall inter alia provide adequate opportunities for teacher training and access to textbooks, and facilitate contacts among students and teachers of different communities.
+=== Article 13 ===
+  - Within the framework of their education systems, the Parties shall recognise that persons belonging to a national minority have the right to set up and to manage their own private educational and training establishments.
+  - The exercise of this right shall not entail any financial obligation for the Parties.
+=== Article 14 ===
+  - The Parties undertake to recognise that every person belonging to a national minority has the right to learn his or her minority language.
+  - In areas inhabited by persons belonging to national minorities traditionally or in substantial numbers, if there is sufficient demand, the Parties shall endeavour to ensure, as far as possible and within the framework of their education systems, that persons belonging to those minorities have adequate opportunities for being taught the minority language or for receiving instruction in this language.
+  - Paragraph 2 of this article shall be implemented without prejudice to the learning of the official language or the teaching in this language.
+==== Monitoring ====
+The Parties undertake to promote equal opportunities for access to education at all levels for persons belonging to national minorities.
 To determine whether member states uphold the principles of the Framework Convention, an Advisory Committee delegation visits the member states every few years and [[https://www.coe.int/en/web/minorities/country-specific-monitoring|reports]] about their compliance, to which the nation state will react and comment.
-==Modified: 24-02-2020==