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--- fact_sheets:sorbian_in_germany [2016/06/16 14:18] – [Adult education] johanneke
+++ fact_sheets:sorbian_in_germany [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
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-====== Lower Sorbian in Germany ======
-==== Language name: ====
-=== Dolnoserbski ===
-==== Language code according to the ISO 639-3 standard: ====
-=== dsb ===
-==== Status in the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages: ====
-=== Lower Sorbian is recognized as a national minority (part III of the Charter) ===
-==== Language vitality according to: ====
-^ [[http://www.unesco.org/languages-atlas/|UNESCO]] ^ [[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/fry/|Ethnologue]] ^ [[http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/10425|Endangered Languages]] ^
-| Definitely endangered|--your text here-- out of 10 (10 means extinct) | Threatened|
-==== Online resources: ====
-  * Sociolinguistic bibliography at Glottolog: [[http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/lowe1385]]
-  * Record at [[http://www.language-archives.org/language/dsb|Olac]]
-  * Record at [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Sorbian_language|Wikipedia]]
-==== Mercator's Regional Dossier: ====
-[[http://www.mercator-research.eu/fileadmin/mercator/dossiers_pdf/sorbian_in_germany_web.pdf|Sorbian in Germany]]
-==== About the Lower Sorbian Language ====
-Lower Sorbian (dolnoserbska rěc or Wendish) and Upper Sorbian (hornjoserbska rěč) are western Slavonic languages spoken in Lower Lusation (located in the German state Land of Brandenburg) and Upper Lusatia (located in the German state Free State of Saxony). Especially Lower Sorbian dialects are vanishing due to the major role of formal learning of the standard language in school. In central parts of Upper Lusatia there are still villages where Upper Sorbian is the first language and the family language of all generations. In Lower Lusatia the language is rarely passed on to to the next generation.
-==== Location ====
-<olmap id="olMapFry" width="500px" height="400px" lat="51.40" lon="13.17" zoom="9" statusbar="0" controls="0" poihoverstyle="0" baselyr="OpenStreetMap" gpxfile=_ckgedit_QUOT__ckgedit____> kmlfile=":lang:kml_samples.kml" geojsonfile=_ckgedit_____QUOT__ckgedit> summary="" >
-</olmap>
-==== Demographics ====
-Percentage of Frisians that speak the Frisian language in different age classes:
-{{:age_distribution_frisian.png?direct&300}}source:((Fryske taalatlas 2015, [[http://www.fryslan.frl/|provinsje fryslân]]))
-  * ~ 94% in Frisian understand Frisian.
-  * ~ 67% speaks the language (reasonably) well.
-  * ~ 15% writes the language well
-Writing skills seem to have improved somewhat in the last few years((Fryske taalatlas 2015, [[http://www.fryslan.frl/|provinsje fryslân]])).
-----
-===== 0-3 Years old: preschool education =====
-==== Legislation ====
-Brandenburg: daycare centres are obliged to teach about Sorbian language and culture. They receive financial support from the Foundation for Sorbian People. The Federal State is obliged to support Sorbian education of the group leaders and to provide pedagogical materials.
-Saxony: the State provides Sorbian groups with additional financial support for staff and education materials.
-==== Teacher training ====
-Training in Sorbian for group leaders is provided:
-  * In Upper and Lower Lusatia by the [[http://www.witaj-sprachzentrum.de/|WITAJ Language Centre]];
-  * In Lower Lusatia by the [[http://www.sorbische-wendische-sprachschule.de/|School for Lower Sorbian Language and Culture]];
-  * In Upper Lusatia by the [[http://www.lipa-ev.de/|Serbske kubłanske srjedźišćo LIPA]] (Sorbian
-Family and Education Centre “LIPA” registered association).
-==== Educational materials ====
-  * [[http://www.tomke.nl/|The Tomke project]], started by the [[http://afuk.frl/|Afûk]] in 1997 to stimulate Frisian language development in preschoolers. Tomke is a small Frisian boy that appears in tv adventures, books and a website.
-==== Practice ====
-Frisian is used mainly in individual contacts with children or parents. When reading or singing Dutch is used much more often.
-==== Read more ====
-[[:rd:rd_frisian_in_nl#2. Pre-school education|in Mercator's Regional Dossier]]
-----
-===== 5-10 or 12 years old: primary education =====
-==== Legislation ====
-Saxony: the Sorbian language may be used as a language of instruction, and taught as a subject. Basic knowledge about the history and culture of the Sorbs has to be taught at school ((Paragraph2, Saxon Education Act 2004)).
-Brandenburg: schools are obliged to inform parents about the possibilities to learn Sorbian. Basic knowledge about the history and culture of the Sorbs has to be taught at schools ((Sorbian / Wendish Schulverordnung, 2000)).
-==== Teacher training ====
-In Lower Lusatia, [[https://www.cottbus.de/wissenswert/sorbische_institutionen/|Arbeitsstelle Bildungsentwicklung Cottbus]] is responsible for training teachers in the Sorbian language.
-==== Educational materials ====
-Educational materials are developed by
-  * [[http://www.witaj-sprachzentrum.de/|WITAJ Language Centre]]
-  * [[https://www.cottbus.de/wissenswert/sorbische_institutionen/|Arbeitsstelle Bildungsentwicklung Cottbus]].
-Different methods are available for teaching Sorbian as a first language, and as a foreign language.
-==== In practice ====
-=== Regard for the minority language in class ===
-=== Teacher skills ===
-----
-===== 12-16/18 years old: secondary education =====
-==== Legislation ====
-Since 1993, the Dutch law on secondary education prescribes that Frisian is an obligatory subject in the two lowest grades. However, since 2006, the provincial government may grant schools exemption from this rule.
-==== Teacher training ====
-  * The [[https://www.nhl.nl/|Institut za Sorabistiku]] trains Sorbian language teachers.
-==== Educational materials ====
-  * [[https://itunes.apple.com/nl/app/searje-36/id933212962?mt=8|Searje 36]]: digital learning method to learn Frisian in the first year of secondary education.
-==== Practice ====
-==== Read more ====
-[[:rd:rd_frisian_in_nl#4. Secondary education|in Mercator's Regional Dossier]]
-----
-===== Adult education =====
-  *  The [[https://www.nhl.nl/|Institut za Sorabistiku]], university of Leipzig offers a bachelor and a master in Sorbian Studies.
-==== Read more ====
-[[:rd:rd_frisian_in_nl#7. Adult education|in Mercator's Regional Dossier]]
-----
-===== Evaluation of language education =====
-The inspectorate (Inspectie van het Onderwijs) inspects Frisian primary and secondary language education every few years.
-----
-===== Educational resources =====
-  * [[http://taalweb.frl/|Taalweb Frysk]], developed by the [[http://www.fryske-akademy.nl/|Fryske Akademy]]: tools for writing Frisian.
-  * [[http://www.praatmarfrysk.nl/|Praat mar Frysk]], campaign set up by the [[http://afuk.frl/|Afûk]] to promote the Frisian language.
-  * [[https://www.tresoar.nl/|Tresoar]], Frisian historic and linguistic centre.
-  * [[https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haadside|Frisian Wikipedia]].
-  * [[http://www.omropfryslan.nl/|Omrop Fryslân]], Frisian broadcasting service.
-  * [[http://heitenmem.nl/|Heit & Mem]], Frisian magazine for parents.
-  * [[http://www.11en30.nu/|Kanon fan de Fryske Skiednis]], Canon of the history of Frisia.
-  * [[http://www.sintrummeartaligens.nl/drietalige-school.html#watis3ts|Sintrim meertaligens]] (Center for multilingualism)
-  * [[http://www.frysk.nl/index.php/thus.html|Frysk.nl]], guide for Frisian at school
-  * [[http://www.itfryskeberneboek.nl/|It Fryske berneboek]] (The Frisian children's book)