fact_sheets:frisian_in_the_netherlands
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- | ====== Frisian in the Netherlands ====== | ||
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- | ==== Language designations: | ||
- | * In the language itself: Frysk | ||
- | * ISO 639-3 standard: fry | ||
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- | ==== Official language status ==== | ||
- | === Official language in the province of Fryslân, the Netherlands === | ||
- | [[fact_sheets: | ||
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- | ==== Status in the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages: ===== | ||
- | === Frisian is covered under Part III of the Charter === | ||
- | ==== Language vitality according to: ==== | ||
- | ^ [[http:// | ||
- | | Vulnerable |2 out of 10 (10 means extinct) | Vulnerable | | ||
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- | ===== About the Frisian Language ===== | ||
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- | Frisian is a West Germanic language closely related to Dutch. Until the fifteenth century Frisian was widely used in writing as well as speech in an area much larger than that of the current province, following the coastline of the present-day Netherlands and Germany. ((Frisian in the Netherlands. / Riemersma, A.M.J.; Gorter, D.; Ytsma, J. The other languages of Europe : Demographic, | ||
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- | [[: | ||
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- | ===== Language Area ===== | ||
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- | Frisian is an autochtonous minority language spoken in large parts of Fryslân, one of the twelve provinces of the Netherlands. | ||
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- | <olmap id=" | ||
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- | </ | ||
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- | ===== Demographics ===== | ||
- | * In 2015, ~ 67% of the 646.000 inhabitants of Frisia speak Frisian (reasonably) well. | ||
- | * ~ 94% understands Frisian. | ||
- | * ~ 15% writes the language well | ||
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- | Writing skills seem to have improved somewhat in the last few years((Fryske taalatlas 2015, [[http:// | ||
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- | === Percentage of Frisians that speak the Frisian language in different age classes: === | ||
- | {{: | ||
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- | === Percentage of students that speak Frisian at home === | ||
- | {{: | ||
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- | ====== Frisian education in the Netherlands ====== | ||
- | ===== 0-3 Years old: preschool education ===== | ||
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- | ==== Legislation ==== | ||
- | Dutch law states that group leaders are free to use Frisian. | ||
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- | ==== Teacher training ==== | ||
- | * [[http:// | ||
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- | ==== Educational materials ==== | ||
- | * [[http:// | ||
- | * [[https:// | ||
- | * [[http:// | ||
- | ==== Practice ==== | ||
- | Frisian is used mainly in individual contacts with children or parents. When reading or singing Dutch is used much more often. | ||
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- | ==== Read more ==== | ||
- | [[: | ||
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- | ===== 4-12 years old: primary education ===== | ||
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- | ==== Legislation ==== | ||
- | Dutch law states that, in primary education in the province of Fryslân, Frisian is an obligatory subject. It may be used as a medium of instruction. Schools may receive exemption from this law, and a few have. | ||
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- | === Trilingual education === | ||
- | To improve Frisian language education in primary school, an experiment, set up by the [[https:// | ||
- | ==== Teacher training ==== | ||
- | Teachers for primary education are trained at the [[https:// | ||
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- | ==== Educational materials ==== | ||
- | * [[http:// | ||
- | * [[http:// | ||
- | * [[http:// | ||
- | ==== In practice ==== | ||
- | === Regard for the minority language in class === | ||
- | * In 2009, The subject Frisian was given for about 45 minutes per week (N=422).((Inspectie van het Onderwijs (2010)[[http:// | ||
- | * 15 to 20% of primary schools use Frisian regularly as a medium of instruction. | ||
- | * 6% Of primary schools do not offer Frisian lessons at all.(([[http:// | ||
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- | === Teacher skills === | ||
- | * 20% of the teachers is not qualified to teach Frisian. Of 28% the qualification is unknown.((Inspectie van het Onderwijs (2010)[[http:// | ||
- | * 85% of the primary school teachers claim to speak Frisian well | ||
- | * 69% claims to write it well. | ||
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- | === Student accomplishments === | ||
- | {{: | ||
- | ==== Read more ==== | ||
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- | ===== 12-16/18 years old: secondary education ===== | ||
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- | ==== Legislation ==== | ||
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- | Since 1993, the Dutch law on secondary education prescribes that Frisian is an obligatory subject in the two lowest grades. However, since 2006, the provincial government may grant schools exemption from this rule. | ||
- | ==== Teacher training ==== | ||
- | * The [[https:// | ||
- | ==== Educational materials ==== | ||
- | * [[https:// | ||
- | * [[http:// | ||
- | ==== In practice ==== | ||
- | === Attention for minority language in class === | ||
- | In 2009 about 27% of secondary schools offered Frisian lessons.((Inspectie van het Onderwijs (2010)[[http:// | ||
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- | === Teacher skills === | ||
- | An estimated 40% of the Frisian teachers is unqualified.((Inspectie van het Onderwijs (2010)[[http:// | ||
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- | ==== Read more ==== | ||
- | [[: | ||
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- | ===== Adult education ===== | ||
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- | * Frisian language courses for adults are organised by the [[http:// | ||
- | * The two-year bachelor [[http:// | ||
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- | ==== Read more ==== | ||
- | [[: | ||
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- | ===== Evaluation of language education ===== | ||
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- | The [[http:// | ||
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- | ===== Educational resources ===== | ||
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- | * [[http:// | ||
- | * [[http:// | ||
- | * [[https:// | ||
- | * [[https:// | ||
- | * [[http:// | ||
- | * [[http:// | ||
- | * [[http:// | ||
- | * [[http:// | ||
- | * [[http:// | ||
- | * [[http:// | ||
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- | ===== General resources ===== | ||
- | * Sociolinguistic bibliography at Glottolog: [[http:// | ||
- | * Frisian record at [[http:// | ||
- | * [[http:// |