====== Khakas in Russia ====== ==== Language designations: ==== * In the language itself: Хакас тілі, Xakas tįlį, Hakas tíl * [[general_information:glossary_of_terms#ISO 639-3|ISO 639-3]] standard: kjh ==== Language vitality: ==== ^ [[https://en.wal.unesco.org/countries/russian-federation/languages/khakas|UNESCO]] ^ [[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/kjh/|Ethnologue]] ^ [[http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/2434|Endangered Languages]] ^ [[https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/khak1248|Glottolog]] ^ | {{:endangerment:yellow.png?nolink|Definitely endangered}} | {{:endangerment:yellow.png?nolink|stable}} | {{:endangerment:yellow.png?nolink|threatened}} | {{:endangerment:yellow.png?nolink|Shifting}} | ==== Linguistic aspects: ===== * Classification: Turcik → South Siberian Turkic, for more information, see [[http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/khak1248|khak1248]] at [[http://glottolog.org/|Glottolog]] * Script: Cyrillic. See [[general_information:russian_legislation#Legislation concerning Script|Russian legislation concerning script]]. ==== Language standardization: ==== ===== Demographics ===== ==== Language Area ==== Khakas is spoken in the Republic of Khakassia, in the southern part of Siberia, Russian Federation. Ethnic Khakassians make up about 11% of the republic's population. 50.74,107.17,0,.8,marker-gold.png, Republic of Khakassia\\ ==== Speaker numbers ==== The 1989 census stated that the the Khakas people numbered 78,000, of which 76,1% were native speakers. For more information, view [[http://www.eki.ee/books/redbook/khakass.shtml|The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire]]. The [[http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/2434|Endangered Languages Project]] has estimations varying from 6000 to 64,810 speakers (worldwide). ---- ====== Language and education legislation: ====== ===== History of language education: ===== The Soviet Union placed major strains and limits to the Khakas language and culture, which strongly diminished as a consequence during this period ((The Khakass.//The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empite//.[[https://www.eki.ee/books/redbook/khakass.shtml]].)). ===== Legislation in the Russian Federation: ===== See the [[general_information:russian_legislation|Russian legislation concerning minority languages]]. Textbooks in Khakas have been approved by Moscow in 2015((Goble, P. (2015, September 2). //Only Three Non-Russian Nations have Moscow-Approved Textbooks in Their Languages.// [[http://www.interpretermag.com/only-three-non-russian-nations-have-moscow-approved-textbooks-in-their-languages/]].)). ===== Legislation in the Republic of Khakassia: ===== According to the Khakas constitution (1995), and the //Language Law// (1992) Khakas is the second official language, after Russian, in the Republic.((Ó Riagáin, Dónall, ed., Voces Diversae: Lesser-Used Language Education in Europe, Belfast Studies in Language, Culture and Politics, 15 (Belfast: Cló Ollscoil na Banríona, 2006) )) ===== Educational legislation: ===== According to the //Language Law// of the Republic of Khakassia, have the right to study their native language, but it is not obligatory. ((Ó Riagáin, Dónall, ed., Voces Diversae: Lesser-Used Language Education in Europe, Belfast Studies in Language, Culture and Politics, 15 (Belfast: Cló Ollscoil na Banríona, 2006) )) ---- ====== Education in practice ====== There has been an increase in number of schools, classes and children learning Khakas as a subject, from 50% of Khakas children in 1994, to 70% in 2004. In addition, by 2004, Khakas was also taught in urban schools (8 schools in the capital of Khakassia, Abakan, corresponding to 35% of the Khakas children) and in kindergarten ((Ó Riagáin, Dónall, ed., Voces Diversae: Lesser-Used Language Education in Europe, Belfast Studies in Language, Culture and Politics, 15 (Belfast: Cló Ollscoil na Banríona, 2006) )) ---- ====== Learning resources and educational institutions ====== * [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/numbers/khakas.htm|Omniglot]] with numbers * [[https://www.freelang.net/online/khakas.php|dictionary]] (Khakas and English) * [[http://sostik.info/|dictionary]] (Khakas and Russian) * [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j2TEmdRpmc8|Khakas Film]]